低纬度海岛太阳能建筑逆向热工设计方法

Reverse thermal design method for solar buildings on low-latitude islands

为了利用太阳能资源实现超低能耗建筑、创建绿色宜居的岛礁人居环境,课题组首次提出极端热湿条件下建筑“全遮阳”设计原则,创立了以太阳能光伏制冷系统与建筑防热设计相耦合的超低能耗建筑“逆向”热工设计方法,形成了适宜于低纬度海岛的超低能耗建筑新模式。实验及工程实践结果表明:全遮阳设计可大幅降低空调负荷和能耗,以南海美济岛示范建筑为例,经“全遮阳”设计后,该建筑的空调负荷可降低30%以上。若遵从逆向热工设计原则,可显著提高海洋建筑外墙、屋面和窗户的传热系数限值,实现全部依靠太阳能即可将建筑环境控制在舒适水平。低纬度海岛的超低能耗建筑新模式可有效减少对建筑设备的依赖,在建筑本体层面营造更舒适的室内热环境。

To fully utilize solar energy resources for ultra-low energy consumption buildings and create green and livable environments on island reefs,we proposed the"full shading"design principle for buildings under extreme hot and humid conditions for the first time.An innovative"reverse"thermal design method was developed that couples solar photovoltaic cooling systems with heat protection design for buildings,and a new model of ultra-low energy consumption buildings suitable for low-latitude islands was formed.Experimental and engineering practice results show that full shading design can significantly reduce air conditioning load and energy consumption.For example,in the demonstration building on Meiji Island in the South China Sea,the air conditioning load can be reduced by more than 30%after implementing the full shading design.By following the reverse thermal design principles,it is possible to significantly improve the thermal transmittance limits of exterior walls,roofs,and windows of marine buildings,achieving comfortable indoor conditions solely relying on solar energy.The new model of ultra-low energy consumption buildings for low-latitude islands can effectively reduce dependence on building equipment and create a more comfortable indoor thermal environment at the building level.