马克思的形而上学批判及其直观概念的开显

Marx’s Metaphysical Criticism and the Revelation of His Intuition Concepts

马克思对传统形而上学的批判,是以批判近代哲学的认识论基础作为必要思想路径的。马克思既揭示了旧唯物主义的感性直观局限,又批判了思辨唯心主义的理性直观弊端,进而实现了哲学的革命性变革。经由这种双重批判,马克思承认了直观本身对感性世界的不证自明性与属人的对象性关系,并通过“高级的哲学直观”声张了人的感性实践活动作为本质力量。由此,马克思在对形而上学的批判中开显出直观作为一种哲学思维方式的丰富内涵及其辩证意蕴,从而为直观走向实践的逻辑发展链条以及新唯物主义的建构提供了全新的视角和阐释维度。

Marx’s critique of traditional metaphysics is based on the criticism of the epistemological foundation of modern philosophy as a necessary ideological path.Marx not only revealed the limitations of the perceptual intuition of the old materialism,but also criticized the shortcomings of the rational intuition of speculative idealism,thus achieving a revolutionary change in philosophy.Through this dual critique,Marx acknowledged the self-evident nature of intuition itself in relation to the perceptual world and its relationship with human objectivity,and through“advanced philosophical intuition”,he proclaimed human perceptual practical activities as an essential force.Thus,in his critique of metaphysics,Marx revealed the rich connotations and dialectical implications of intuition as a philosophical way of thinking,thus providing a brand new perspective and interpretative dimension for the logical development chain of intuition towards practice and the construction of new materialism.