自然保护地保护与发展研究综述

A Review of Research on Conservation and Development of Protected Areas

理清自然保护地保护与发展之间的矛盾冲突并协调二者的关系,对于推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化具有深远意义。文章基于社区和区域尺度,系统梳理了关于自然保护地矛盾冲突和协调机制的研究进展。研究发现,社区尺度的矛盾冲突主要表现为社区居民资源利用受限、收入差距扩大、人与野生动物冲突和生态移民风险;区域尺度的矛盾冲突主要表现为区域经济发展约束和劳动力配置扭曲等。在协调机制方面,生态补偿、生态旅游和社区共管等手段得到了广泛实践和应用,但在多目标协同、多主体参与、资金保障和利益分配等方面仍然面临诸多挑战。据此,文章提出了完善生态补偿机制、优化生态旅游发展模式和强化社区共管机制等政策建议。未来研究可以构建总体框架以阐释不同尺度下的保护与发展作用机制,拓展宏观尺度的量化研究,并识别不同政策在实现自然保护地生态产品价值、协调保护与发展的可行性和潜在挑战。

It is of profound significance to clarify the contradiction and conflict between the conservation and development of protected areas and to coordinate the relationship between them for the promotion of the Chinese-style modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.Based on community and regional scale,this paper systematically reviews the research progress on the conflict and coordination mechanism of protected areas.It is found that the conflicts at the community scale are mainly manifested in the restricted use of resources by community residents,widening income gap,human-wildlife conflicts and ecological migration risks;the conflicts at the regional scale are mainly manifested in the constraints of regional economic development and distorted labor allocation.In terms of coordination mechanisms,ecological compensation,ecotourism and community co-management have been widely practiced and applied,but there are still many challenges in the aspects of multi-objective coordination,multi-subject participation,financial security and benefit distribution.Based on this,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions,such as improving the ecological compensation mechanism,optimizing the ecotourism development model and strengthening the community co-management mechanism etc.Future research can build an overall framework to explain the mechanisms of conservation and development at different scales,expand quantitative research at macro scales,and identify the feasibility and potential challenges of different policies in realizing the value of ecological products and coordinating conservation and development in protected areas.