自动紧急转向工况下驾驶员离位响应的一体化仿真研究

Integrated Simulation Research on Driver Out-of-position Response of AES Scenarios

为了探究自动紧急转向过程中驾驶员的动态响应,采用主动安全技术和被动安全防护策略相结合的方式,进行特定自动紧急转向场景下驾驶员离位响应的一体化仿真研究.基于模型预测控制算法建立自动紧急转向控制模型,使用PreScan、CarSim和Simulink等软件进行联合仿真,获取车辆在转向过程中的动态响应;结合主动人体模型和驾驶员侧约束系统模型,分析车辆及驾驶员的运动特征以及主动卷收器安全带对驾驶员离位的改善效果.结果表明,在72 km/h的行驶速度下,车辆和驾驶员在纵向换道距离分别为40 m、50 m和60 m的左侧自动紧急转向过程中运动响应分为右倾和左倾两个阶段;右倾阶段车辆横向加速度、侧倾角以及主动人体模型的最大离位量明显高于左倾阶段;随着纵向换道距离的增加,驾驶员头部的最大横向离位量由89.56 mm降低到70.22 mm和53.05 mm;主动卷收器安全带的应用有效改善了驾驶员的离位程度,驾驶员头部最大横向离位量分别降低18.90%、49.56%和67.62%,胸部最大横向离位量分别降低12.70%、41.63%和53.69%,提高了驾驶员在自动紧急转向阶段的安全性.

To investigate the driver dynamic response in the process of autonomous emergency steering,the integration of active safety control technologies and passive safety protection strategies was used to carry out the integrated simulation of driver out-of-position response in the special autonomous emergency steering scenarios.Firstly,the automatic emergency steering control model was established based on the model predictive control algorithm.Co-simulation was completed with PreScan,CarSim,and Simulink software to obtain the vehical’s dynamic response during the steering process.Then,combined with the active human model and the driver side restraint system model,the motion characteristics of the vehicle and the driver and the improvement effect of the active control retractor seatbelt on the driver’s out-of-position were analyzed.Studies show that the dynamic response of the vehicle and the driver is divided into two phases:right-leaning and left-leaning during the process of the autonomous emergency steering with the longitudinal lane change distance of 40 m,50 m,and 60 m under the driving speed of 72 km/h.The lateral acceleration and roll angle of the vehicle and the maximum out-of-position of the active human model in the right-leaning phase are significantly higher than those in the left-leaning phase.The maximum lateral out-of-position of the driver’s head decreases from 89.56 mm to 70.22 mm and 53.05 mm with the increase of longitudinal lane change distance.The active control retractor seatbelt effectively improved the out-of-position of the driver and the driver’s safety in the autonomous emergency steering process.The maximum lateral out-of-position of the head was reduced by 18.90%,49.56%,and 67.62%,respectively,and the maximum lateral out-of-position of the chest was decreased by 12.70%,41.63%,and 53.69%,respectively.