低热膨胀陶瓷材料的研究与应用进展

Research and Application Progress of Low Thermal Expansion Ceramic Materials

低热膨胀陶瓷通常是指热膨胀系数低于2.0×10^(-6)℃^(-1)的陶瓷材料。相对于其他普通的陶瓷材料,低热膨胀陶瓷具有优异的耐高温和抗热震性能,能够在高温以及温度骤变的复杂环境下保持材料自身的稳定性,被广泛应用于耐火材料、催化剂载体、电子器件及航空航天等多个领域。综述了低热膨胀陶瓷的分类、制备方法及应用领域,并对堇青石陶瓷、钛酸铝陶瓷、磷酸盐陶瓷及锂质陶瓷等几种常见的低热膨胀陶瓷进行了探讨,同时对低热膨胀陶瓷的发展趋势进行了展望。

Low thermal expansion ceramics are defined as ceramic materials with a thermal expansion coefficient below 2.0×10^(−6)℃^(−1).Compared to other conventional ceramics,these materials exhibit exceptional resistance to high temperatures and thermal shock,maintaining stability in complex environments characterized by high temperatures and abrupt temperature changes.They find widespread application in various fields,including refractory materials,catalyst carriers,electronic devices,and aerospace.This article reviews the classification,preparation methods,and application domains of low thermal expansion ceramics,and examines the research advancements of several common types such as cordierite,aluminum titanate,NaZr_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),and lithium ceramics.Additionally,the article discusses the development trends in this field.