牛黄及其代用品的化学成分及质量控制研究进展

Progress on chemical constituents and quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes

牛黄是清热解毒、息风止痉的传统中药,常用于心脑血管疾病的治疗。然而,由于其药用资源匮乏及代用品使用范围的局限性,牛黄及其代用品的质量控制备受关注。该文以代用品采用沿革为基础,以化学成分为切入点,从性状-显微-理化鉴别分析到以胆汁酸、胆红素为指标性成分的光谱-色谱-质谱的量化分析,发展至以药效-生物导向关联模式的中药质量标志物(Q-marker)研究,对牛黄及其代用品的质量控制方法进行综述,以期为其质量标准研究提供科学的参考依据。最后,就其全息化学成分解析和核心功效物质在确定的问题进行展望,拟为牛黄及其代用品的合理开发提供参考。

Bovis Calculus,a traditional medicine with the role of clearing away heat and detoxification,extinguishing wind to arrest convulsions,is often used for brain-cerebrovascular diseases.However,the quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of resources and limitations of use.Based on the evolution of the use of substitutes and the chemical composition as the entry point,this article reviews the quality control methods from the following three aspects.It covers various analysis methods from characteristic-microscopy-physical and chemical identification analysis to the quantitative analysis of bile acid and bilirubin using spectroscopy,chromatography,and mass spectrometry.Furthermore,it develops to the research of the quality marker(Q-marker)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on a correlation model of pharmacodynamics and biological direction.The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the quality standards of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes.Finally,the holographic chemical composition analysis and identification of the core effective substances in Bovis Calculus and its substitutes are anticipated to provide valuable insights for guiding strategic development.