基于中药汤剂中超分子聚集体形成的炮制机制研究新思路

A new idea for studying processing mechanism based on formation of supramolecular aggregates in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions

中药必须炮制成饮片才能入药,中药汤剂是中医临床用药中最常用的剂型。现代研究发现,中药汤剂是一种含有超分子聚集体的多相分散体系,且这些超分子聚集体多源于煎煮过程中多种化学成分间的自组装行为,其中氢键、π-π相互作用、范德华力及疏水相互作用是引起自组装的主要作用力。中药汤剂中超分子聚集体的研究在一定程度上弥补了从单成分视角阐释中药药效物质的局限性,加之其较好的药效活性,现已经成为研究热点。该文不仅对超分子聚集体分离纯化、结构表征及自组装机制分析技术进行了总结,而且还对超分子聚集体的自组装机制及化学成分进行了系统梳理。在大量中药汤剂超分子聚集体研究实例及炮制辅料特性分析的基础上,笔者提出“基于超分子聚集体自组装的新视角解析炮制机制”的新思路,以期在炮制机制研究中密切结合中药炮制用药特点及中药临床复方配伍用药规律,深入剖析加辅料炮制的科学内涵。

Traditional Chinese medicines must be processed into decoction pieces before they can be used medicinally,and decoctions are the most common dosage form in TCM.Recent studies have shown that these decoctions are complex multiphase disperse systems containing supramolecular aggregates.These aggregates form through self-assembly interactions among chemical components du-ring the decocting process,in which hydrogen bonding,π-πinteractions,van der Waals'forces,and hydrophobic interactions playing crucial roles.Exploring supramolecular aggregates in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions can help address the limitations of a single-component perspective in understanding the medicinal substances,thus becoming a research hotspot.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the methods for the separation and purification,structure characterization,and self-assembly mechanism revealing of these aggregates and summarizes the self-assembly mechanisms and chemical components of these aggregates.By examining several examples of supramolecular aggregates in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions and assessing processing adjuvants,this paper proposes a new idea of analyzing the processing mechanism based on the formation of supramolecular aggregates.This idea combines the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine processing with medicine compatibility principles to improve the understanding about the scientific connotation of processing with adjuvants.