热带睡莲品种筛选和休眠越冬技术研究

Varieties selection and dormancy overwintering techniques of tropical waterlily

睡莲是一种应用于园林水景的观赏植物,包括耐寒睡莲和热带睡莲两种不同的生态类型,热带型睡莲花色艳丽,但普遍耐寒性差,这一缺陷限制了热带睡莲的推广应用,因此,筛选或选育较为耐寒的热带睡莲品种或者通过简单的人工处理来辅助其越冬是解决这一瓶颈的有效途径。该研究从一批不同类型的热带睡莲品种(共58份)、种质资源中进行筛选,通过连续两年的测试,发现古热带睡莲亚属睡莲品种具有较为明显的耐寒性,6份古热带睡莲亚属睡莲品种全部越冬存活,说明古热带睡莲亚属睡莲品种在非热带地区应用潜力巨大。同时,该研究还着重探索了两种辅助热带睡莲越冬的处理技术,发现通过盆栽促进睡莲休眠后再用简易薄膜大棚保温是一种非常有效的越冬处理技术,所参试的58个睡莲品种全部越冬存活,该方法适宜于种质资源保育等科学研究;简易薄膜大棚保温也具有显著的辅助越冬效果,参试的58个品种中27个通过该技术处理后都成功越冬,是一种经济实用的处理方法,适用于生产应用。

Waterlily is an ornamental plant for garden waterscape,having two different ecotypes:cold-tolerant and tropical waterlily.The tropical waterlily usually has bright and colorful flowers but is not tolerant to cold,which limits its popularization and application.Therefore,screening or breeding tropical waterlily that are relatively cold resistant,or assistanting them in overwintering through simple artifical processing,are effective ways to solve this bottleneck.In this study,a collection of tropical waterlily(58 in total)including various subgenus has been used for screening germplasm resources that survive the winter in non-tropical condition.Through two consecutive years of testing,it was found that the waterlily varieties of the ancient tropical waterlily subgenus had relatively higher tolerance than others,and all six waterlily varieties of the ancient tropical waterlily subgenus survived the winter,indicating that the application potential of the ancient tropical subgenus waterlily in non-tropical areas was great.This study also focused on exploring two treatment technologies to assist tropical waterlily overwintering,and found that using potted plants to promote waterlily dormancy and then using simple greenhouses insulation is a very effective overwintering treatment technique,and all the 58 tested waterlily varieties survived the winter,which is suitable for scientific research such as germplasm resource conservation.Additionally,simple greenhouse insulation also has a significant auxiliary overwintering effect,and 27 of the 58 varieties tested have successfully overwintered after treatment by this technology,which is an economical and practical treatment method suitable for production and application.