成为卡夫卡——卡夫卡早期创作与风格的形成

Becoming Kafka:The Formation of Kafka's Style in His Early Works

1912年9月22日夜,卡夫卡一气呵成写出了著名的《判决》,这篇作品也代表着卡夫卡风格的确立。在《判决》之前,卡夫卡已经进行了至少十年的文学创作,但这些早期作品令卡夫卡满意的极少,生前被发表的也屈指可数,甚至他身后也没有获得足够重视。本文将卡夫卡置于欧洲文学坐标系中,通过对卡夫卡早期作品——特别是他多年反复修改最终放弃的《乡村婚礼筹备》和《一场斗争的描述》——的分析,探查卡夫卡与经典文学榜样的对话方式,以及他对所处时代的文学语境的观察和反思,在此基础上追溯卡夫卡风格的形成过程。

On September 22,1912,Kafka completed his famous story “The Judgment” in a single sitting,thereby successfully establishing his signature style.Although Kafka had been working on his writing for at least a decade prior to “The Judgment,” few of these early works lived up to his own expectations.Only a small number were published during his lifetime,and even after his death,these early pieces did not receive significant attention.This paper situates Kafka within the European literary tradition and traces the formation of Kafka's style through an analysis of his early works,particularly focusing on “Wedding Preparations in the Country” and “The Description of a Struggle,” both of which remained unfinished despite repeated revisions.The examination of these early works can help explore Kafka's dialogue with classic literary models,as well as his observations and reflections on the literary context of his time.