作为“姿势”的歌唱:论卡夫卡《约瑟芬,女歌手或耗子民族》

Singing as Gesture:Kafka's Josephine,the Singer or the Mouse Folk

《约瑟芬,女歌手或耗子民族》是卡夫卡最后写成的小说,是他一生创作的总结。作品围绕约瑟芬是否会歌唱及约瑟芬与民族的关系问题展开。约瑟芬借助姿势表演歌唱,将她的歌唱与普通民众吹出的口哨区分。约瑟芬的歌唱表演建立在民族共同语言的基础之上,因而吸引了民族的注意力。动荡中生存的民族无法抵达音乐的艺术境界。约瑟芬宣称以歌唱为目的开展的行动,实际上剥离了目的与手段的二元关系,凭中介性姿势为民族创造出一个宁静平和的间隙。民族拒绝赋予约瑟芬特权,将她保护在民族的共同法则之下,避免约瑟芬在艺术中湮灭自身。约瑟芬的歌唱是卡夫卡自我写作姿势的投映。

Kafka's last novel Josephine,the Singer or the Mouse Folk is a summary of his whole creation.Throughout the story,the narrator tries to explain whether Josephine is singing or not,and what is the relationship between Josephine and the Folk.Josephine performed singing with special gesture,distinguishing her singing from the pipes of ordinary people.Her performance was based on the common language of the nation and thus attracted the folks' attention.The struggling folks cannot reach the artistic realm of music.Josephine's action that she claimed was carried out for the purpose of singing actually got rid of the binary relationship between purpose and means,and created a quiet and peaceful gap for the nation through the intermediary gesture.The nation refused to grant Josephine special privileges and then protected her under the common laws of the nation,preventing her from annihilating in art.Josephine's singing is also a reflection of Kafka's writing gesture.