2013—2022年海南省农药中毒流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province in 2013-2022

目的分析海南省农药中毒的流行病学特征,为制定海南省农药中毒防控策略提供依据。方法以2013—2022年在“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”报告的海南省农药中毒病例为研究对象,对中毒病例的时间分布、人群分布、地区分布和中毒农药种类进行描述性分析,计数资料采用χ^(2)检验,发病率随时间的变化趋势采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验。结果2013—2022年海南省累计报告农药中毒患者1448例,年均发病率为1.50/10万,死亡59例,总病死率为4.07%。非生产性中毒1133例(78.25%),其中生活性自服中毒607例(53.57%);中毒高发年份为2019年,为210例(14.50%),生产性中毒以第三季度最多,非生产性中毒以第二季度最多,不同季节生产性和非生产性合计中毒构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.289,P<0.05);男女病例均以非生产性中毒为主,不同性别生产性和非生产性合计中毒构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.049,P<0.05);生产性中毒和非生产性中毒各年龄组总病死率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.934,P>0.05);导致中毒的农药品种包括除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀鼠剂、生化农药及其他农药,不同品种生产性和非生产性合计中毒构成比、病死率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=119.288、18.365,P<0.05);不同地区生产性和非生产性合计中毒构成比、病死率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=102.017、85.121,P<0.05)。结论海南省现阶段农药中毒防控的重点为非生产性中毒,建议针对农药中毒高发季节、高发人群、高发地区及主要农药种类实施分类防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province and provide a theoretical basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province.Methods The study subjects were pesticide poisoning cases reported in the"occupational diseases and health hazard factors monitoring information system",subsystem of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022,which were retreated and imported into Excel 2013.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the temporal distribution,population distribution,regional distribution,and types of pesticides involved in the poisoning cases.Chi-square tests were used to count data,and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to test the changing trend of the incidence rate over time.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 1448 cases of pesticide poisoning and 59 deaths were reported in Hainan Province,with an average annual incidence of 1.50/100000 and a total case fatality rate of 4.07%.The main types of poisoning were non-productive poisoning(1133 cases,78.25%),of which the main cases were suicides(607 cases,53.57%).The highest incidence year of poisoning occurred in 2019(210 cases,14.50%).Productive poisoning was most common in the third quarter,while the second quarter of non-productive poisoning.There was a statistically significant difference in the total composition of productive and nonproductive poisoning cases in different seasons(χ^(2)=20.289,P<0.05).Both male and female cases were mainly caused by non-productive poisoning.There was a statistically significant difference in the total composition of cases of productive and non-productive poisoning between different genders(χ^(2)=15.049,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total fatality rate among all age groups(χ^(2)=12.934,P>0.05).The species of pesticides that cause poisoning include herbicides,insecticides,fungicides,rodenticides,biochemical pesticides,and other pesticides.There were statistically significant differences in the composition of productive and nonproductive poisoning cases and the total fatality rate of poisoning among different varieties(χ^(2)=119.288,18.365,P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the total composition of cases of productive and non-productive poisoning in different regions(χ^(2)=102.017,P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the total fatality rate among different regions(χ^(2)=85.121,P<0.05).Conclusions At present,non-productive poisoning is the major type of pesticide poisoning in Hainan Province.It is recommended that classified prevention and control measures be implemented according to the high incidence seasons,populations,regions,and pesticide types.