水氮调控对宁夏中部旱区马铃薯产量与土壤质量的影响

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Potato Yield and Soil Quality Evaluation

针对宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯产量不高和土壤质量较低等问题,本研究探讨和评价宁夏中部旱区马铃薯农田土壤质量状况,马铃薯产量与农田环境因子的相互关系,以提高马铃薯产量和农田土壤质量。以马铃薯农田为研究对象,2年试验采用三因素完全随机设计,灌溉处理设置灌溉定额(2250 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3)、节水20%(1800 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2)、节水40%(1350 m^(3)/hm^(2),W1);施氮处理设置施氮量(195 kg/hm^(2),N3)、减氮20%(156 kg/hm^(2),N2)、减氮40%(117 kg/hm^(2),N1),以当地不施氮肥和不灌水为CK处理,测定土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物量碳氮磷含量及产量,并将其纳入土壤质量指数(SQI),与马铃薯产量进行拟合分析。结果表明:水氮调控对土壤速效钾、有效磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质含量均有显著影响,不同水氮调控下0~20 cm土层过氧化氢酶活性(SP)、蔗糖酶活性(SS)、土壤脲酶活性(SU)、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性(SAP)W2N2处理最大,较CK处理增加23.66%、86.28%、58.66%、56.92%,并随土壤深度增加呈逐渐降低趋势。马铃薯产量、土壤微生物量碳氮磷含量及化学计量在W2N2(1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、156 kg/hm^(2))处理最大。通过SQI得出中水中氮(W2N2)土壤质量等级最高,通过拟合发现W2N2处理能够协同提升土壤综合质量与马铃薯产量,该研究结果可为中国北方干旱地区马铃薯可持续生产和土壤质量提升提供理论依据。

To address the problems of low potato yield and low soil quality in the central arid zone of Ningxia,the interrelationship between potato yield and farmland environmental factors was investigated and evaluated.Aiming to explore and evaluate the soil quality condition of potato farmland in the central arid zone of Ningxia,and the interrelationship between potato yield and farmland environmental factors,with a view to improving potato yield and farmland soil quality,taking potato farmland as the research object,the two-year experiment was conducted in a three-factor completely randomised design,with irrigation treatments set at irrigation quota(2250 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3),20%water saving(1800 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2),and 40%water saving(1350 m^(3)/hm^(2),W1);and nitrogen application treatments set at nitrogen application(195 kg/hm^(2),N3),and 20%nitrogen reduction(156 kg/hm^(2),N2),40%nitrogen reduction(117 kg/hm^(2),N1),with no local N fertiliser and no irrigation as CK treatment,soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and yield were measured and included in the soil quality index(SQI),which was fitted to potato yield.The results showed that water and nitrogen regulation had significant effects on soil quick potassium,effective phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and organic matter,and catalase activity(SP),sucrase activity(SS),soil urease activity(SU),and soil alkaline phosphatase activity(SAP)in the 0~20 cm soil layer were the largest under different water and nitrogen regulation in the W2N2 treatment,which was increased compared with that of the CK treatment by 23.66%,86.28%,58.66%,56.92%.And it showed a trend of gradual decrease with the increase of soil depth.Potato yield,soil microbiota carbon nitrogen phosphorus and stoichiometry were maximum in W2N2(1800 m^(3)/hm^(2),156 kg/hm^(2))treatment.The highest soil quality grade of W2N2 treatment was obtained by SQI,and it was found that W2N2 treatment could synergistically improve the comprehensive soil quality and potato yield by fitting,and the results of this study can provide theoretical references for the sustainable production of potato and the improvement of soil quality in arid regions of northern China.