贵阳地区粉尘螨致敏的特征分析

Sensitization characteristics of dust mite in Guiyang area

目的了解贵阳地区变应性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis,AR)人群粉尘螨致敏的分布特点,为贵阳地区AR的诊疗提供依据。方法共纳入2021年5月~2023年9月来自贵州中医药大学第一附属医院门诊和通过发放AR流行病学问卷调查收集的AR患者2087例,其中年龄1~14岁儿童组患者965例,年龄15~44岁青年组患者884例,年龄45~64岁中年组患者199例,年龄65岁以上老年组患者39例。患者均行皮肤点刺试验(SPT)检测过敏原。比较粉尘螨致敏的人群分布,分析粉尘螨的主要致敏特征;结果(1)贵阳地区粉尘螨致敏总阳性率为55.39%。不同年龄段间进行比较,粉尘螨阳性率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),AR患者SPT阳性率随年龄增长逐渐降低;(2)粉尘螨致敏强度在不同年龄段间进行比较,其分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),AR患者粉尘螨致敏强阳性率随年龄增长而逐渐降低。结论贵阳地区变应性鼻炎患者粉尘螨致敏率较高,其中儿童组致敏率最高。粉尘螨是贵阳地区变应性鼻炎患者的主要致敏源,粉尘螨致敏与年龄因素具有相关性。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of dust mite sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Guiyang,and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Guiyang.Methods A total of 2087 patients with AR were enrolled through outpatient and epidemiological questionnaire surveys in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to September 2023,including 965 children aged 1 to 14 years,884 young people aged 15 to 44 years,199 middle-aged people aged 45 to 64 years,and 39 elderly people aged 65 years and over.All patients underwent skin prick test(SPT)to detect allergens.Compare the population distribution of dust mite sensitization and analyze the main sensitization characteristics of dust mites.Results(1)The total positive rate of dust mite sensitization in Guiyang area was 55.39%.Comparing the differences between different age groups,the positive rate of dust mite was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the positive rate of SPT in AR patients gradually decreased with age;(2)Comparing the sensitization intensity of dust mite between different age groups,the distribution difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the strong positive rate of dust mite sensitization in AR patients gradually decreased with age.Conclusion The sensitization rate of dust mite in patients with AR in Guiyang area is high,and the sensitization rate of children is the highest.Dust mite is the main source of sensitization in patients with AR in Guiyang area,and dust mite sensitization is correlated with age factors.