基于扎根理论的超学科科研协同机制研究——以中国重大装备制造为例

Collaboration Mechanism of Transdisciplinary Research Based on Grounded Theory:A Case Study of China's Major Equipment Manufacturing

以解决重大问题为导向的超学科研究,成为大科学时代推动我国基础研究走向世界前沿、解决国家重大战略问题和行业“卡脖子”问题的新引擎。以我国十万空分压缩机、碳纤维复合材料切削、大型全断面掘进装备制造为案例,结合扎根理论和半结构化访谈方法,遵循超学科研究主体协同—问题凝练—知识整合概念模型,对我国超学科科研协同机制进行探索性研究。结果发现:超学科科研协同包括3条路径:①超学科关键问题凝练,在实践问题、重大问题的基础上,提炼关键实践难题和关键技术难题,最终寻找关键科学问题,从根本理论层面解决重大问题;②超学科主体协同,通过建立由不同学科主体、不同组织主体等多元、多层次主体参与的超学科团队,建立成员间互信和共识,推动协同研究不断深入;③超学科多元知识整合,以学科知识、非学科知识等多种类型知识聚合为基础,通过知识转化、知识体系重构实现知识整合再创新,并涌现出一系列创新成果,同时需要资源、制度、文化3个超学科科研协同的保障条件,并形成超学科科研协同机制“三棱锥”模型。

With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation advancing rapidly,the integration of disciplines is growing fast,the paradigm of scientific research is undergoing profound changes,and the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is accelerating.The world's scientific and technological innovation has entered the era of big science,and the form of scientific research has gradually evolved to the"Pasteur quadrant",which takes solving practical problems as the starting point,collaborative interaction of innovation subjects,and systematic integration of various elements,and no longer simply follows the linear model from basic science to technological innovation,development,and production.The era of big science calls for a multidisciplinary scientific research model that is oriented towards solving major problems,regards collaborative innovation of multiple subjects such as government,universities,enterprises and intermediaries as the main path,and takes integration,reconstruction and re-innovation of various types of knowledge as the fundamental content.The trans-discipline has been described as"the interface between science,society and technology in the contemporary world".Trans-disciplinary research is an effective path to achieve cutting-edge theoretical innovation,a new engine to promote the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research,and the emergence of innovative achievements,a booster to solve major national strategic issues.The research on the collaboration mechanism of trans-disciplinary can uncover the"black box"of multi-subject collaborative innovation,which is the core issue to evaluate,standardize and guide the trans-disciplinary research.The current research has carried out a more comprehensive study on the identification of the concept of trans-disciplinary,the process of trans-disciplinary research,and the challenges faced in cooperation research,which has laid an important theoretical foundation for this study.However,the existing research still lacks a unified guiding framework for trans-disciplinary research,with Thompson et al asserting that"although there is a growing literature on methods,there is still no widely accepted definition,specific framework,or empirical strategy for how to conduct trans-disciplinary projects".In addition,there is a lack of a case study of Chinese trans-disciplinary practice.This paper makes an exploratory study on the key elements,action paths and constraints of the collaboration of trans-disciplinary research with in the trans-disciplinary analysis framework:problem condensation-subjective synergy-knowledge integration and it utilizes grounded theory and in-depth interviewing research methodology,and takes the manufacturing of 100000-vacuum compressor,carbon fiber composite cutting,and large-scale full-section road-heading equipment as cases in China.The results show that there are three paths of trans-disciplinary research synergy:(1)condensation of trans-disciplinary key problems,and it means that on the basis of practical problems and major problems,key practical problems and key technical problems are refined,and key scientific problems can be verified,and the major problems will be solved from the fundamental theoretical problems;(2)collaboration of trans-disciplinary subjects,i.e.,by establishing a trans-disciplinary team with the participation of multiple and multi-level subjects,such as different disciplinary subjects and different organizational subjects,mutual trust and consensus among members are established to promote the continuous deepening of collaboration;(3)integration of trans-disciplinary knowledge,i.e.,on the basic of the aggregation of disciplinary knowledge,non-disciplinary knowledge,and other types of knowledge,the integration and re-innovation of knowledge through the transformation of knowledge and the reconstruction of the knowledge system is realized and a series of innovative achievements have emerged.At the same time,it puts forward the guarantees for the cooperation:resources,system and culture,then the"triangular pyramid"model of the collaboration mechanism of trans-disciplinary research is established.This paper reveals the three paths of trans-disciplinary research collaboration based on the cases of China's trans-disciplinary practice,constructs the"triangular pyramid"model of the collaboration mechanism of trans-disciplinary research,and provides a theoretical basis for evaluating,standardizing,and guiding trans-disciplinary research.