仿生微曝气技术对农村生活污水处理效果和机理的初步研究

Effects and Mechanisms of the Bionic Micro-aeration Technology in Rural Domestic Sewage Purification

农村生活污水是水体富营养化的主要污染源之一。本研究提出了仿生微曝气技术,考察了该技术对农村生活污水的处理效果与基质上生物膜的基本性状。研究发现,该技术能使水体pH值维持在7.0左右,DO质量浓度维持在2.0~2.6 mg·L^(-1)的范围。仿生微曝气处理对SS、COD、TP、NH_(3)-N、TN均有较好的去除效果,第10天时去除率分别达到了79.6%、87.6%、53.0%、89.2%、69.4%。其中,第2天和第4天时仿生微曝气处理对SS、COD、TP、NH_(3)-N的去除率低于普通曝气处理的(P<0.05),但从第6天及以后,两种处理对污染物的去除率差异不明显(P>0.05);仿生微曝气处理对TN的去除率一直高于普通曝气处理的(P<0.05)。仿生微曝气处理中生物膜生物量、PN含量、PS含量、细菌多样性等均优于普通曝气处理的。仿生微曝气技术在农村生活污水的治理中具有较好的应用前景,将有助于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。

Rural domestic sewage is one of the main pollution sources in lake or river eutrophication.In this study,the bionic micro-aeration technology was raised and experiments were carried out to examine the purification effects and the microbe community situation of the biofilm attached to the artificial macrophytes.The results showed that pH values were maintained in normal range and DO concentration in range of 2.0 to 2.6 mg·L^(-1) in bionic micro-aeration treatments.This technology showed high removal efficiencies for SS,COD,TP,NH_(3)-N and TN with the removal rates of 79.6%,87.6%,53.0%,89.2%,69.4%at the tenth day,respectively.The bionic micro-aeration treatment exhibited lower removal efficiencies than the normal aeration treatment(P<0.05)for SS,COD,TP,NH_(3)-N at the second day and the fourth day,however the differences between the two treatments were not obvious at the sixth day and later(P>0.05).While removal efficiencies for TN were always higher in the bionic micro-aeration treatments than those in the normal aeration treatments(P<0.05).The microbial communities of the bionic micro-aeration treatments showed better characteristics than those of the normal aeration treatment in biofilm biomass,PN contents,PS contents and bacterial diversity.This technology exhibited broad application prospect in rural domestic sewage treatment,which would contribute to the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.