污泥生物炭的制备及其应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Sludge Biochar

我国市政污泥处置量大且逐年递增,而传统污泥处理处置方法面临稳定化率低、处置能耗高和二次污染等问题,亟需开发绿色、生态、安全的资源化利用新途径。热解炭化技术被认为是污泥处理的一种有前景的方法,通过该法制备的污泥生物炭在废水处理、土壤改良等方面具有重要作用。然而,对污泥热解炭化过程中的影响因素、污泥生物炭改性方法及其在污水处理和土壤改良中的具体应用尚缺乏系统综述。本文系统介绍了污泥生物炭的制备原理和方法(包括传统热解、水热炭化和微波炭化),分析了热解温度、时间、升温速率和添加剂等因素对污泥生物炭性质的影响,并探讨了改性方法对生物炭性能的影响。此外,本文还综述了污泥生物炭在废水处理和土壤改良中的应用,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

China is facing substantial and growing challenges in municipal sludge disposal.The current conventional municipal sludge treatment and disposal methods suffer from low stabilization rates,high energy consumption,and secondary pollution,and there is an urgent need to develop environmentally friendly and safe resource utilization approaches.Pyrolytic carbonization technology represents a promising sludge treatment method,and the resulting biochar has great potential for application in wastewater treatment and soil quality improvement.Despite the potential of sludge biochar,comprehensive reviews on the factors influencing its production,modification techniques,and specific applications in wastewater treatment and soil quality improvement are insufficient.This paper systematically presents the principles and methods of sludge biochar preparation,analyzes the impact of factors such as pyrolysis temperature,duration,heating rate,and additives on its properties,and explores modification methods to enhance its performance.This paper also reviews the applications of sludge biochar in soil amelioration and water pollutant adsorption,providing prospects for future research.