德性政治视域中的“百姓”观念及其流变

The Concept of“Bai Xing”in the Perspective of Virtue Politics and Its Evolution

“百姓”是极具民族特质与文化底色的中国话语,在中华民族共同体的塑造中有其特殊语境与作用逻辑。从德性政治视角对这一概念的话语辨识与叙事建构,能够为中国政治发展、中华民族共同体建设提供丰富的历史要素与文化资源。按照传统德性政治“生—性—姓”的生成逻辑,“百姓”一词最初由氏族社会标榜血缘的“百邦”,嬗变为原始国家中掌握一技之长的贵族“百官”,最终在春秋末期到战国之际,下降为代表一般平民众庶的“百民”,逐渐与今义接近起来。由百姓文化与中华民族共同体建构的关联来看,“百姓”价值体现在时空延展性、社会公共性、平等竞合性三个层面。随着现代社会政治发展与信息技术的迭代,“百姓”概念将在中华民族共同体中发挥越来越重要的作用。

The concept of“Bai Xing(common people)”is a distinctive Chinese d discourse with strong national and cultural characteristics,which boasts special context and functional logic in the formation of the Chinese national community.From the perspective of virtue politics,discourse discerning and constructing narratives of this concept can provide rich historical elements and cultural resources for the development of Chinese politics and the construction of the Chinese national community.According to the traditional virtue politics logic of the formation of“birth-nature-surname”,the term“Bai Xing”initially referred to“Bai Bang(all states)”that emphasized blood ties within a clan society,evolving into“Bai Guan(all officials)”of nobles who enjoyed specialized skills in primitive states.Finally,during the period of the end the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States era,the meaning of the term was extended to lower status referring to“Bai Min(all common people)”,gradually developing into its modern meaning.From the correlation between the culture of“Bai Xing”and the construction of the Chinese national community,the value of“Bai Xing”is manifested in three dimensions from space-time extensibility,social publicity,and equal competition and cooperation.With the development of modern social politics and the evolution of information technology,the concept of“Bai Xing”will play an increasingly significant role in the Chinese national community.