当代西方学者对马克思主义生产力概念的三种解读方式

Three Interpretations of Marxist Productivity By Contemporary Western Scholars

“生产力”是马克思主义的基础性概念,对该概念的探究有重要的理论和现实意义。科技决定论、自然保护论、财富创造论代表了当代西方学者对马克思主义生产力概念的三种解读方式,深入剖析这三种解读方式有助于我们理解马克思主义生产力概念的深刻内涵。科技决定论重视科学技术的力量,却将科学技术视为生产力中唯一的决定性要素,忽视了劳动者这一主体性要素的重要作用,在一定程度上流于对现存资本主义制度的辩护;自然保护论以生态环保之名谪谴马克思主义生产力理论,实际上囿于对马克思主义人与自然关系思想的误读;财富创造论将“生产力”仅仅理解为一个创造物质财富的经济范畴,仍旧落入古典政治经济学见物不见人的窠臼。马克思主义生产力概念是唯物史观和唯物辩证法基本原理的体现,有着丰富科学内涵和鲜明价值旨归。

Productivity is a fundamental concept in Marxism,the exploration of which is of significant theoretical and practical implications.Technological determinism,natural conservation theory,and wealth creation theory represent the three interpretations of Marxist productivity by contemporary Western scholars.A thorough analysis of these three interpretations will facilitate the understanding of the profound connotations of the concept.Technological determinism emphasizes the power of science and technology,taking them as the sole decisive factor in productivity,but ignores the critical role of laborers as the subjective element,tending to defend the existing capitalist system to some extent.Natural conservation theory criticizes Marxist productivity in the name of ecological and environmental protection,but it is confined to a misinterpretation of Marxist idea about human and nature.Wealth creation theory interprets productivity merely as an economic category for creating material wealth,echoing the pitfalls of classical political economy that overlook human agency.Marxist productivity embodies the basic principles of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,encompassing rich scientific content and distinct value orientations.