从马克思的分配正义思想看共同富裕问题

On the Issue of Common Prosperity from Marx's Thought Of Distributive Justice

共同富裕的实现需要公正的分配制度作支撑,马克思的分配正义思想对我国践行共同富裕的现代化道路有着重要的指导意义。通过对分配与生产的总体性关系的澄明,马克思将对资本主义分配正义批判的矛头指向了资本主义制度,揭露了分配正义及平等的价值追求在资本主义制度下的虚妄性,表明生产资料公有制是实现共同富裕的制度基础。马克思的政治哲学坚持历史性原则,强调分配正义及平等的内涵和实现与生产力的发展密切相关,阐明了按劳分配原则在共产主义初级阶段的历史必然性、合理性和必要性,有益于我们厘清按劳分配与共同富裕的阶段性关系。作为共产主义高级阶段的分配正义,“各尽所能,按需分配”以每个人实现自我的需求为分配原则,超越了“物性”逻辑的分配正义,兼具现实性和理想性,蕴含有结果平等的价值指向,将每个人的自由而全面发展与共同富裕统一起来,有助于我们更全面地把握共同富裕的内涵和实现条件。

To realize common prosperity requires a fair distribution system as support,and Marx's thought of distributive justice has significant guiding significance for China's modernization path to common prosperity.By clarifying the overall relationship between distribution and production,Marx directed the criticism of capitalist distributive justice towards the capitalist system,revealing the illusory nature of its distributive justice and the pursuit of equality,and indicating that the public ownership of productive assets is the institutional foundation for achieving common prosperity.Marx's political philosophy adheres to the principle of historicism,which stresses that the connotation and realization of distribution justice and equality are closely related to the development of productivity,and clarifies the historical inevitability,rationality,and necessity of the principle of distribution according to one's work in the primary stage of communism,all of which is beneficial for clarifying the stage-specific relationship between the principle and common prosperity."From each according to his ability,to each according to his needs",as the distributive justice at the advanced stage of communism,takes everyone's fulfillment of their"needs"as the principle of distribution,transcending the distributive justice of"material"logic and integrating both reality and ideality,and implies a value orientation towards equality of outcome.Therefore,to combine one's free yet well-rounded development with common prosperity,helps grasp the connotation and realization conditions of common prosperity in a more balanced way.