集体经营性建设用地入市制度的实施与司法应对

The Implementation of the System of Marketization Of Collective Land Designated For Business-related Construction And Its Judicial Response

落实和实施集体经营性建设用地入市制度对于构建城乡统一的建设用地市场意义重大。现行法虽然为集体经营性建设用地入市提供了许多实体、程序规则,但存在规范不衔接乃至规范冲突等问题,为此,须从司法裁判视角确定各类相关规则的规范功能和规范要求。具言之,在司法审查过程中,集体经营性建设用地应采用“集体土地所有权依法登记且入市地块符合现行有效的国土空间规划”标准进行认定,集体经营性建设用地入市的决策应遵循“全体具有完全民事行为能力的成员三分之二以上参加并同意”规则,集体经营性建设用地入市合同应认定为民事合同,集体经营性建设用地入市监管协议的法律性质应认定为行政协议。围绕集体经营性建设用地入市合同和监管协议产生的纠纷应当分别通过民事诉讼和行政诉讼程序加以解决。

It is of great significance to implement the System of Marketization of collective land designated for business-related construction in establishing a unified market for urban and rural land that may be used for construction purposes.Although the current legislations provide many entities,procedures and rules for the System,there still exist problems of disconnection or even conflicts between norms.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the functions and requirements of various related rules from the perspective of judicial review.Specifically,the collective land should be identified by the standard that"collective land ownership is registered according to law and the land is in line with territorial spatial plans in force";The decision-making process in the marketization of collective land should follow the rule of"the participation and consent of more than two-thirds of all collective members with full capacity for civil conduct";The contract for the use right transfer or lease of collective land should be recognized as the civil contract,and the supervision agreement of collective land should be recognized as the administrative contract.Disputes arising from these contracts and supervision agreements shall be resolved through civil action or administrative proceedings respectively.