外在激励如何影响基层公务员的公共服务动机水平?——一项调查实验研究

How Does External Motivation Affect Public Service Motivation of Grassroots Civil Servants? A Survey Experiment Study

如何有效提升基层公务员的公共服务动机水平已成为当前政府亟待解决的问题。已有研究对公共服务动机的可激励属性重视程度不足,且缺乏在中国情境下的因果机制探索。基于此,论文采用调查实验法,以S省基层公务员为研究对象,探析不同的外在激励如激励性质(正向激励与负向激励)与激励方式(金钱激励与荣誉激励)对公共服务动机的因果影响机制,并进一步考察了激励方式在激励性质与公共服务动机关系中的调节效应。研究发现,相较于负向激励,正向激励对基层公务员公共服务动机影响更强,而以金钱和荣誉为代表的激励方式对其公共服务动机水平没有显著的差异性影响。此外,在激励性质和公共服务动机的关系中,激励方式发挥了调节作用,即相较于荣誉激励,金钱激励下正向激励对基层公务员公共服务动机的影响更强。研究拓展了对公职人员公共服务动机前因的探讨,丰富了基层公务员的激励理论,为政府制定更加科学、合理的公务员激励机制提供了决策支持。

Enhancing public service motivation(PSM) among grassroots civil servants has become an urgent issue.Existing research has insufficiently addressed the incentivizing attributes of PSM and fails to explorethe causal mechanisms within the Chinese context.To address this gap,this study employed a survey experiment study,focusing on grassroots civil servants in Shandong Province.It investigated the causal impact mechanisms of different external incentives,such as the nature(positive and negative incentives)and forms of incentives(monetary and honor incentives),on PSM.This paper examines the moderating effect of incentive forms on the relationship between the nature of incentives and PSM.Compared to negative incentives,positive incentives have a stronger impact on the PSM of grassroots civil servants.However,there is no significant differential impact on PSM levels between monetary and honor incentives.Additionally,the form of incentive moderates the relationship between the nature of incentives and PSM,with positive incentives under monetary incentives having a stronger impact on PSM than under honor incentives.This research expands the exploration of antecedents of public service motivation among public officials,enriches the theory of motivating grassroots civil servants,and provides decision-making support for the government in formulating more scientific and reasonable incentive mechanisms for civil servants.