青海省农宅采暖特性及清洁取暖技术方案筛选

Selection of heating characteristics and clean heating technology solutions for rural residences in Qinghai Province

推进青藏高原地区冬季清洁取暖,既是能源生产和消费革命的基本要求,也是革新农村生活方式和促进民族团结的关键举措。以青海省农牧区为研究对象,基于实地调研总结了当地农房的采暖现状,提炼出三种农宅布局。通过运用“菜单式”围护结构改造方案优化方法,提出了典型农宅节能改造建议。在考虑生态环境保护、技术经济性优化以及本地可再生能源分布特征的基础上,以年计算费用为评价指标,筛选出适用于青海省典型农宅的优选、较优和一般方案。结果显示,三间采暖及两间采暖的优选方案为低温空气源热泵热风机或倒倾角太阳能集热器技术;一间采暖的优选方案为蓄热式电暖器技术或低温空气源热泵热风机技术;牧区则优先推荐清洁生物质采暖技术。

Promoting clean winter heating on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is essential to the energy revolution and to transforming rural lifestyles while fostering national unity.This study focuses on rural Qinghai Province,analyzing heating characteristics and identifying three typical models based on extensive field research.Using an optimized"menu-style"retrofit approach for building envelopes,it offers energy-efficient renovation recommendations.Prioritizing ecological protection,techno-economic optimization,and local renewable energy distribution,the study evaluates options based on annual costs,identifying different solutions for typical rural homes.The results show that for three-room and two-room systems,the top choice is low-temperature air source heat pumps or inclined solar collectors;for single-room systems,thermal storage electric heaters or low-temperature air source heat pumps are preferred;in pastoral areas,clean biomass heating is recommended.