电发酵技术强化有机废物资源化的原理及应用

Principle and Application of Electro-Fermentation Technology for Enhancing the Resource Utilization of Organic Waste

有机废物产量的不断提升为废物处理处置带来难题。由于富含多糖、蛋白质和矿物质等营养物质,有机废物的生物资源化备受关注。目前,传统厌氧发酵技术处理有机废物存在发酵周期长、产物产量低、产物选择性差和有机废物降解率低等问题。将生物电化学系统应用到传统厌氧发酵技术中形成的电发酵技术可以通过电化学手段调控微生物反应的氧化还原平衡,克服传统发酵的热力学局限性,强化微生物电子传递,促进有机废物的降解和资源化产物的生成,实现有机废物的高效资源化。本文系统梳理了电发酵技术促进有机废物资源化的基本原理,综述了电极材料、微生物、反应器结构以及提升系统运行的方法,介绍了电发酵技术强化有机废物资源化产物(包括甲烷、氢气、醇、短链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸、聚羟基丁酸酯、聚羟基烷酸脂等)生成的研究现状,并总结和展望了电发酵技术在有机废物资源化应用中的发展前景和面临的挑战。

The increasing production of organic waste poses a challenge for waste treatment and disposal.Due to the richness of nutrients such as polysaccharides,proteins and minerals,the bio-resourcing of organic waste has attracted much attention.Currently,the traditional anaerobic fermentation system for organic waste treatment has problems such as long fermentation period,low product yield,poor product selectivity,and low degradation rate of organic waste.The Bio-electro-fermentation technology formed by applying electrochemical system to the traditional anaerobic fermentation system can regulate the redox balance of microbial reaction by electrochemical methods,overcome the thermodynamic limitations of traditional fermentation,strengthen the microbial electron transfer,promote the degradation of organic wastes and the generation of resource products,and achieve the high efficiency of organic waste resourcing.In this paper,we systematically investigate the basic principles of electro-fermentation technology to promote organic waste resources,review the electrode materials,microorganisms,reactor structure,and methods to enhance the operation of the system,introduce the current research status of electro-fermentation technology to strengthen the generation of organic waste resource products(including methane,hydrogen,alcohols,short-chain fatty acids,medium-chain fatty acids,polyhydroxybutyrate,polyhydroxyalkanoate,etc.),summarize and look forward to the prospects and challenges for the development of electro-fermentation technology in the application of organic waste resource utilization.