图像全站仪观测低轨卫星方法研究

Study on the method of observing LEO satellite with image total station

随着巨型星座的发展,低轨卫星数量快速增长,雷达与大型光学望远镜等传统观测手段造价高、体积大,难以满足观测需求。图像全站仪作为传统高精度光学测量设备,具有观测精度和自动化程度高、造价低、机动性强等突出特点,可改造为低轨卫星观测系统。利用图像全站仪观测低轨卫星的重点在于指向信息获取以及观测图像中拖尾星点提取,文中建立了从卫星TLE数据到图像全站仪指向信息的数学模型,分析了卫星成像的拖尾特点,提出了基于轨道预测信息的拖尾星点提取算法。利用图像全站仪搭建低轨卫星观测系统进行观测实验,经计算分析得到内符合精度约为6″,观测精度较高,表明图像全站仪可用于低轨卫星观测,观测误差来源有待进一步研究。

With the development of mega constellations,the number of LEO satellites has growing rapidly,and traditional observation methods such as radar and large optical telescopes are difficult to meet the observation demand due to their high cost and large size.As a traditional high-precision optical measuring equipment,the image total station has outstanding characteristics of high accuracy,high automation,low cost and strong maneuverability,and can be transformed into a low-orbit satellite observation system.The focus of observing LEO satellites with image total station is pointing information acquisition and smeared star spot extraction.In this paper,a mathematical model from TLE data to the pointing information of total station is established,the smeared characteristics of satellite image are analyzed,and an algorithm for extracting smeared star spot based on orbit prediction information is proposed.Image total station is used to build a LEO satellite observation system for observation experiment.The paper calculated and analyzed the accuracy of observation data using internal fitting accuracy,and the result is on 6 arcseconds.The observation accuracy is high which shows that the image total station can be used for LEO satellite observation.The source of observation error and how to use the observation data to refine the orbit of LEO satellite need to be further researched.