水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因的检测与消除技术研究进展

Research progress on the detection and elimination techniques of antibiotic resistance genes in aquacultural environments

抗生素作为治疗和预防疾病在水产养殖过程中大量使用,导致了水体中抗生素抗性细菌(antibiotic resistant bacteria,ARB)和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的产生。目前,抗生素抗性基因已经在水产养殖生态系统中广泛存在,并且随养殖废水排放至环境中,严重威胁生态环境和人类健康。因此,明确和实施水产养殖中抗生素抗性基因的检测和消除技术十分重要。本文通过综述抗生素抗性基因的检测手段如传统微生物培养和分子生物学(PCR、DNA杂交及微列阵技术和宏基因组技术)以及水体中抗生素抗性基因的常用消除手段,旨在为养殖水体中抗生素抗性基因的快速检测和去除提供理论基础。

Antibiotics have been extensively used in aquaculture for disease treatment and prevention,leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB)and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in water.Currently,ARGs are widespread in aquaculture ecosystems,posing a serious threat to the environment as they are discharged with aquaculture wastewater.Therefore,it is crucial to identify and use effective methods for detecting and eliminating ARGs in aquaculture environments.This article provides a concise review of the ARG detection methods,including traditional microbial culture and molecular biology techniques(PCR,DNA hybridization and DNA microarray technology,and metagenomic approaches),along with commonly used strategies for ARG elimination in water.This article aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the rapid detection and elimination of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture water.