适应性治理视域下乡村防返贫长效机制建设的逻辑理路与未来图景——基于皖西H县D村的考察

The Logical Path and Future Prospect of the Long-Term Mechanism Construction of Rural Relapse into Poverty from the Perspective of Adaptive Governance:Based on the Investigation of D Village in H County,Western Anhui

建立健全乡村防返贫长效机制是守住乡村不发生规模性返贫的关键。随着国家乡村减贫行动逐渐从运动式治理转向常态化防控,实现结构适配和机制弹性的韧性发展成为巩固脱贫攻坚成果的核心。从国家治理与社会发展更好相适应的视角审视当前防返贫实践,仍存在主体关系与目标任务匹配度不佳、制度供给与乡土文化耦合性不足、资源投入与治理效能不对等等困境。文章依托适应性理论,借助“主体—技术—情境”三维分析框架,以皖西大别山区H县D村的防返贫实践为案例,分析各治理主体之间的目标同向、配套政策和技术更新的适配、过程情境的动态相宜等对乡村防返贫长效机制建设的作用机理。完善乡村防返贫长效机制,需坚持各主体互应共生、工具灵活有效、过程可持续的适应性治理原则,构建以防返贫任务为链接的主体合力、强化技术对民生的服务保障、创设敏捷反应的相宜情境。

Establishing and improving a long-term mechanism for preventing rural residents from slipping into poverty is the key to preventing large-scale relapse into poverty in rural areas.As the national rural poverty reduction action gradually shifts from campaign-style governance to normalized prevention and control,the resilience of structural adaptation and mecha-nism flexibility has become the core of stable poverty alleviation.Examining the current practice from the perspective of bet-ter adaptation of national governance and social development,we find that there are still some difficulties,such as poor matching between subject relationship and target task,insufficient coupling between system supply and local culture,and un-equal resource input and governance efficiency.Based on the theory of adaptability,with the help of the three-dimensional analysis framework of"subject-technology-situation",this paper takes the practice of anti-poverty in D village of H county in Dabie mountain area of southwest Anhui as a case,and analyzes the mechanism of the long-term mechanism of rural anti-poverty construction,such as the same direction of goals among various governance subjects,the adaptation of supporting poli-cies and technological updates,and the dynamic compatibility of process situations.In order to improve the long-term mecha-nism of rural anti-poverty,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of adaptive governance of mutual symbiosis,flexible and effective tools,and sustainable process,build a joint force of the main body linked by the central task,strengthen the tool guarantee of technology serving the people's livelihood,and create an appropriate situation of agile response.