生物质碳源对EPDM阻燃性能和粘接性能的影响

Influence of biomass carbon source on flame retardancy and bonding properties of EPDM

为了改善三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的阻燃性能和粘接性能,本文以EPDM为基体材料,添加适量的聚磷酸铵和三聚氰胺,并以葡萄糖、糊精、环糊精和淀粉等天然产物为碳源,制备了阻燃型EPDM粘接剂。考察了各种生物质碳源用量对复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能和粘接性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)葡萄糖、糊精、环糊精和淀粉作为碳源,与聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺复合,都可以明显改善EPDM的成碳效果。若要进一步提高阻燃性能,需要添加膨胀效果显著的物质。(2)葡萄糖、糊精、环糊精和淀粉都富含羟基,极性较大,可以明显改善EPDM的粘接性能;但与EPDM的相容性差,导致橡胶本体的拉伸强度明显降低。若要进一步提高粘接性,寻找合适的增容剂是主要突破口。(3)固定聚磷酸铵为25份,通过氧指数、拉伸性能和粘接性能的比较,环糊精的综合性能最好,最佳用量为25份左右;糊精次之,最佳用量为35份左右;葡萄糖和淀粉的最佳用量为15份左右。但是葡萄糖的熔点太低,硫化温度较高,不适合作为阻燃碳源。而糊精、环糊精和淀粉都有比较好的应用前景。

In order to improve the flame retardancy and bonding properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber(EPDM),in this paper,EPDM was used as the matrix,appropriate amounts of ammonium polyphosphate and melamine were added,natural products such as glucose,dextrin,cyclodextrin,and starch were used as carbon sources,flame retardant EPDM adhesive was then prepared.The influence of various biomass carbon source dosages on the mechanical properties,flame retardancy and bonding properties of composite materials was investigated.The research results showed that,(1)Glucose,dextrin,cyclodextrin,and starch were used as carbon sources,combined with ammonium polyphosphate and melamine,the carbonization effect of EPDM could be significantly improved.To further improve the flame retardancy,it was necessary to add substances with significant expansion effects.(2)Glucose,dextrin,cyclodextrin,and starch were all rich in hydroxyl groups and had high polarity,which could significantly improve the bonding properties of EPDM.However,the poor compatibility with EPDM led to a significant decrease in the tensile strength of the rubber body.To further improve bonding properties,finding suitable compatibilizers was the main breakthrough.(3)The amount of ammonium polyphosphate was fixed as 25 parts.Through comparison of oxygen index,tensile properties and bonding properties,cyclodextrin had the best comprehensive performance,and the optimal dosage was around 25 parts.Dextrin followed,with an optimal dosage of around 35 parts.The optimal dosage of glucose and starch was around 15 parts.However,the melting point of glucose was too low and the sulfurization temperature was relatively high,making it unsuitable as a flame retardant carbon source.And dextrin,cyclodextrin,and starch all had good application prospects.