肺组织中不同巨噬细胞的生理和病理研究进展

Advances on physiology and pathology of subpopulations of macrophages in the lung tissue

肺组织中的巨噬细胞调控免疫反应对于维持肺部组织稳态至关重要,根据其不同的来源和肺解剖部位分为肺泡巨噬细胞、间质巨噬细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和炎性巨噬细胞等。肺泡巨噬细胞分布在肺泡腔内,主要负责维持肺泡表面活性物质稳态、抵御病原微生物和调节免疫反应;间质巨噬细胞在肺组织中发挥维持稳态、调节免疫和抗炎的功能;血管周围巨噬细胞具有抗原提呈、免疫调节作用,在抑制肺部炎症、改善肺纤维化以及调控肺肿瘤进展中起着重要作用;炎性巨噬细胞在炎症时由单核细胞分化而来并调控炎症的进程。本文主要讨论了肺组织中不同巨噬细胞的来源以及生理和病理状态下的功能,以探讨可能的治疗靶点。

Macrophages are vital in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the lungs by modulating and regulating immune responses.Based on different origins and anatomical locations,macrophages in the lungs are categorized into alveolar macrophages,interstitial macrophages,perivascular macrophages,and inflammatory macrophages.Alveolar macrophages are located in the alveolar spaces and are primarily responsible for maintaining alveolar surfactant homeostasis,defending against pathogens and regulating immune responses.Interstitial macrophages can maintain homeostasis,regulate immunity and anti-inflammation in the lung tissue.Perivascular macrophages play a crucial role in inhibiting lung inflammation,improving pulmonary fibrosis,and regulating lung tumor progression due to antigen-presenting and immunomodulatory effects.Inflammatory macrophages,which are differentiated from monocytes during inflammation,regulate the inflammatory process.This article reviews the origins of various subpopulations of macrophages in the lung tissue and their physiological and pathological functions as well as discusses the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.