神经外科ICU耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染疑似暴发调查与控制

Investigation and control of a suspected outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in neurosurgical intensive care unit

目的调查神经外科重症监护病房(ICU)耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)医院感染暴发原因,查找传染源及传播途径,为有效控制多重耐药菌医院感染提供依据。方法对某院2023年7月28日-8月2日神经外科ICU 3例CRKP感染患者进行流行病学调查,按照环境卫生监测方法采集标本,查找病房环境中的CRKP,分析CRKP菌株耐药性及携带的耐药基因,采用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列(ERIC)及多位点序列分析(MLST)分析患者与环境监测分离CRKP菌株的同源性。结果共有3例CRKP医院感染,罹患率为3.85%(3/78),与2022年同期及2023年5-6月罹患率相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。环境卫生学监测显示,1床呼吸机接口、治疗台和9床被服检出CRKP,检出率为4.84%(3/62);15份医务人员手标本和3份神经外科ICU空气监测标本均未检出CRKP;环境卫生监测检出3株CRKP;其耐药性、耐药基因及同源性与患者临床标本分离的CRKP一致。在采取集中隔离,严格进行病房环境清洁和消毒,严格执行侵入性器械消毒和管理,加强医护人员分组诊疗,工作服消毒,以及手卫生等一系列针对性措施后,此次事件得到有效控制。结论此次事件可判定为一起疑似CRKP医院感染暴发事件,推测侵入性器械消毒管理不到位、患者住院环境消毒不彻底、医护人员未分组诊疗及手卫生不到位是本次疑似医院感染暴发的主要原因。早期识别感染暴发,调查传染源及传播途径,以及及时采取针对性措施是控制感染暴发的关键。

Objective To investigate the causes for the outbreak of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)in neurosurgical intensive care unit(NSICU),identify the infection sources and transmission routes,and provide basis for the effective control of HAI with multidrug-resistant organism.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted on 3 patients with CRKP infection in the NSICU of a hospital from July 28 to August 2,2023.Specimens were taken according to environmental hygienic monitoring methods.CRKP in the environment of the ward was searched.Antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes carried by CRKP strains were analyzed.The homology between CRKP strains isolated from patients and environment was analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)and multilocus sequence analysis(MLSA).Results There were 3 cases with CRKP HAI,with an incidence of 3.85%(3/78),which was statistically different from the incidence during the same period in 2022 and in May-June 2023(P<0.05).Environmental hygienic monitoring revealed that CRKP was detected from the ventilator interface of bed 1,treatment table,and bedding of bed 9,with a detection rate of 4.84%(3/62).CRKP was not detected from 15 medical staff hand specimens and 3 NSICU air monitoring specimens.Three CRKP strains were detected through environmental hygiene monitoring,their antimicrobial resistance,resistance genes,and homology were consistent with those of CRKP strains detected from clinical specimens of patients.After taking a series of targeted measures,such as quarantine,strict cleaning and disinfection of the ward environment,strict implementation of disinfection and management of invasive devices,as well as strengthening the diagnosis and treatment in groups,disinfection of medical uniforms,and hand hygiene of medical staff,this event was effectively controlled.Conclusion This event can be classified as a suspected outbreak of CRKP HAI.It is speculated that inadequate disinfection management of invasive devices,incomplete disinfection of hospital environment,lack of grouping diagnosis and treatment of medical staff,and inadequate hand hygiene are the main causes for this suspected outbreak of HAI.Early identification of infection outbreaks,investigation of infection sources and transmission routes,and timely adoption of targeted measures are crucial to the control of infection outbreak.