水环境中汞污染现状与形态分析方法研究进展

Contamination status and speciation analysis methods of mercury in aquatic environments:research progress

汞是毒性最强的重金属污染物之一,自然界中的汞主要以零价汞(Hg0)、无机二价汞(Hg2+及其络合物)和烷基汞(甲基汞、乙基汞及其络合物)三类形式存在,其中有机形态的汞对生物体的毒性更高且备受关注,因此对水环境中不同形态的汞进行调查研究和分析测试具有十分重要的意义。本文梳理了国内外地表水、地下水以及污水中的不同形态汞的污染现状和污染特征,总结了各种不同类型自然水体中各形态汞的浓度范围,归纳了各个化学形态汞的常用分析测试方法并讨论了各类方法的预处理步骤、检出限、线性范围,讨论了各类分析测试方法的优缺点和适用性并对其进行了比较和分析,最后对总汞、无机汞和烷基汞的分析测试难点以及未来的研究趋势进行了总结与展望。

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants,and in natural environments it occurs in three forms:zero-valent mercury(Hg0),inorganic divalent mercury(Hg2+and its complexes),and alkyl mercury(methyl mercury,ethyl mercury,and their complexes).Among these,the organic forms are more toxic to organisms and have attracted greater attention.Therefore,it is important to study and analyze these various forms of mercury in aquatic environments.Here,current research into the presence of various forms of mercury in surface water,groundwater,and sewage locally and abroad were reviewed and their concentration ranges were summarized.Additionally,common analysis methods of different chemical forms of mercury were reviewed.We summarized commonly used mercury detection methods,including their pretreatment procedures,detection limits,and linearity ranges and discussed their merits and demerits as well as their applicability.Finally,the development challenges of these detection methods and future trends of researching total,inorganic,and alkyl mercury were revealed.