法典化时代的刑事立法理念、模式选择与发展方向

The Idea,Model Selection and Development Direction of Criminal Legislation in the Codification Era

固守传统观点,反对增设新罪和轻罪的消极刑法观的刑事立法理念不具有科学合理性。折中刑法观的刑事立法理念不过是消极刑法观的另一种表述,也不完全可取。根据已经变化的社会现实,适时增设新罪和轻罪的积极刑法观的刑事立法理念较具合理性。我国现行刑法本来就是实质意义上的刑法典,不存在所谓法典化、再法典化、解法典化的问题。现在的问题在于,是继续沿用现在的统一刑法典立法模式,还是跟其他国家一样采用包括刑法典、单行刑法和规定有构成要件与法定刑的附属刑法在内的多元立法模式。为了既保持刑法典的稳定性,又能适应不断变化的社会现实,我国应改采多元立法模式。在此基础上,考虑到我国“宜粗不宜细”的刑法分则研究现状、原有统一刑法典模式不会被轻易改变、采用原有方式修订统一刑法典的状态亦不会被轻易改变等现实情况,将来无论小修还是大修刑法典,都应坚持类型性、有效性、目的性、明确性、比例性、平等性、互动性和国际性的修订规则,这亦是未来刑事立法的发展方向。

The criminal legislation idea that sticks to traditional viewpoints and opposes the negative view of criminal law on adding new crimes or misdemeanors is not reasonable.The criminal legislation idea featuring the compromised view of criminal law is just another expression of the negative view of criminal law,which is also not entirely desirable.Instead,it is more reasonable to adopt the criminal legis-lation idea featuring the positive view of criminal law on adding new crimes or misdemeanors in due time based on the changing social realities.The existing criminal law in China is essentially a criminal code,and there is no so-called codification,recodification or decodification.The question now is whether China should continue to adopt its existing legislation model of unified criminal code or to adopt as other countries the pluralistic legislative models that include a criminal code,a separate criminal law,and an accessory criminal law featuring constitutive elements and statutory penalties.To maintain the stability of the criminal code and adapt to the changing of social realities,China should adopt the pluralistic legisla-tion models.On this basis,given the realities of the research status on specific provisions of criminal law in China that should be general rather than detailed,the original model of the unified criminal code that cannot be easily changed,and the status of revising the unified criminal code with the original approach not being easily changed,the amendment of criminal code,whether it is a minor or major amendment,should adhere to the amendment rules of being category-specific,effective,purpose-driven,clear,propor-tional,equal,interactive,and consistent with the international practice,and this should the future develop-ment direction of criminal legislation.