解法典时代的立法模式变革与反思

The Reform and Reflection of Legislation Model in the Era of Decodification

囿于立法观念与方法误区,我国正在进行的解法典虽然带来了立法数量的大幅度增长,却未能促进法治效能的根本提升,反而造成了法体系的肥大化、法规范的竞合化与法教义的稀薄化,引发整体法秩序的解体危机。为最大化发挥特别法的规范效用与创造潜能,当下的解法典化立法应跳出以法律部门为界限的诸法分立模式,转向以规范领域为中心的诸法融合模式,这种模式不是中国古代“刑主民次”法制模式的翻版,而是适应中国式法治现代化的“民行刑一体化”新模式。以解法典为契机,立法者的价值立场应从“增量立法”走向“增质立法”,在反思积极立法观的基础上,重新回归审慎立法观,以此重整碎片化的法秩序,有效推进中国式法治现代化建设。

Due to the misunderstanding in legislation concepts and approaches,although the ongo-ing decodification movement in China has brought about a substantial increase in the number of legisla-tions,it does not lead to a fundamental improvement in the effectiveness of the rule of law.Instead,it has caused redundancy of the legal system,co-opetition of legal norms,and dilution of legal doctrines,leading to the disintegration crisis of the legal order.To give full play to the normative effectiveness and creative potentials of special laws,the legislation of current decodification should go beyond the model featuring separation of different laws based on the boundaries of the legal department and transform into the model featuring integration of different laws that focuses on normative effectiveness.This model is not a dupli-cate of the legal system model in ancient China that prioritized criminal law over civil law,but rather a new model featuring the integration of civil,administrative and criminal laws that adapts to the modern-ization of Chinese-style rule of law.Taking the decodification as an opportunity,legislators should shift their value standpoint from"incremental legislation"to"qualitative legislation"and return to the prudent legislation approaches based on reflection on the positive legislation view so as to reshape the fragmented legal order and advance the modernization of Chinese-style rule of law.