转移支付的“钱随人走”:行动逻辑、典型经验与推进路径

“Funds Following People”in Transfer Payments:Action Logic,Typical Experience,and Promotion Path

转移支付制度为国家公共服务体系提供财力支撑,必须适时转变财政资源供给思维,从而有效应对人口大规模快速流动给政府公共服务带来的现实挑战。我国现行转移支付制度难以满足流动人口诸多基本公共服务需求,在激励机制和方法工具等方面存在不足。因此,本文提出建立“钱随人走”转移支付模式,在精准挂钩流动人口、全面覆盖流动人口需求的基础上,动态优化转移支付资金分配机制。“钱随人走”的核心在于转移支付标准从过去的静态地域存量需求转变为动态人口流量需求,即“流量思维”,使资金拨付能跟随居民身份场景的变化而不断延伸,确保财政资源准确、及时地安排到基本公共服务项目中。借鉴国内外的典型经验,要将“钱随人走”理念深深注入转移支付制度、加强基本公共服务支出体系标准化建设、改进绩效激励约束机制,实现财政资源供给的动态化、标准化,为进一步发挥财政治理效能和推进以人为核心的新型城镇化提供支撑。

The transfer payment system provides financial support for the national public service system.It is necessary to timely change the mindset of financial resource supply to address the challenges brought by the large-scale and rapid population flow to public services.The current transfer payment system in China faces challenges to meet the basic public service needs of the floating population and has shortcomings in incentive mechanisms,methods,and tools.In view of these problems,this article proposes the principle of“funds following people”in transfer payments,which dynamically optimizes the allocation mechanism of transfer payment funds based on precise linkage with the floating population and comprehensive coverage of the population needs.The core of“funds following people”lies in the transition of transfer payment standards from static regional stock demand in the past to dynamic population flow demand.That is,fund allocation should be continuously extended with changes in residents'identity scenarios,thus ensuring accurate and timely allocation of financial resources to basic public services.Drawing on typical experiences at home and abroad,China should deeply integrate the principle of“funds following people”into the transfer payment system,strengthen the standardization of the basic public service expenditure system,and improve the performance incentive and restraint mechanism to achieve dynamic and standardized supply of financial resources.This will provide reference for improving fiscal governance performance and promoting people-centered urbanization.