上海市黄浦区公园蜱分布状况及其与环境因素相关性

Correlation of ticks in parks of Huangpu District,Shanghai,and its relationship with environmental factors

目的了解上海市黄浦区蜱类种群分布、季节消长及影响因素的研究,明晰上海市黄浦区蜱虫的流行种类、优势种,为蜱及蜱传病的综合监测、防控提供基础依据。方法2023年1—12月,在黄浦区人民公园采用布旗法2次/月开展游离蜱季节消长调查;2023年5月,在黄浦区所有公园绿地各开展1次游离蜱横断面调查,同时做好现场环境气象因素的记录。结果2023年共进行25次蜱调查,总拖行6810 m,共捕获蜱1019只,经形态学鉴定均为褐黄血蜱(Hae⁃maphysalis flava)。季节消长分析发现蜱总密度呈双峰分布,分别在2023年6月26日及2023年9月21日,蜱密度分别为216.00、67.33只(/布旗·100 m)。草地处监测点蜱总密度较枯叶处监测点低,蜱密度分别为3.11、23.22只(/布旗·100 m)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,蜱总密度与地表测量温度(r_(s)=0.88)、当日低温(r_(s)=0.80)、月均低温(r_(s)=0.79)、当日高温(r_(s)=0.77)、月均高温(r_(s)=0.81)、地表测量相对湿度(r_(s)=0.86)、月降雨日(r_(s)=0.43)、月均日照时间(r_(s)=0.58)、月均风速(r_(s)=0.53)呈正相关;蜱总密度与当日气压呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.65,P<0.05)。黄浦区横断面调查仅在南京东路街道、瑞金二路街道发现了蜱活动,密度分别为0.05、0.14只(/布旗·100 m)。结论上海市黄浦区城市公园的优势蜱种为褐黄血蜱,蜱密度在6月份最高,枯叶处蜱密度比草地处高,在蜱活跃高峰时期应根据调查结果采取针对性的灭蜱措施。

Objective To investigate the distribution,seasonal ebb and flow,and influence factor of tick populations in Huangpu District,Shanghai,clarify the popularity and dominant tick species in Huangpu District,Shanghai,and provide a foundational basis for comprehensive monitoring and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.Methods From January to December 2023,the seasonal fluctuation of free ticks was investigated by flagging method twice a month in People's Park of Huangpu District.In May 2023,a free ticks cross-sectional survey was conducted in all park green spaces in Huangpu District,with simultaneous recording of environmental meteorological factors on site.Results From January to December 2023,a total of 25 tick surveys were conducted,with a total drag distance of 6810 meters,capturing 1019 ticks,all morphologically identified as Haemaphysalis flava.Seasonal ebb and flow analysis found a bimodal distribution of overall tick density,peaking on June 26 and September 21,2023,with tick densities of 216.00 and 67.33 ticks/(flag·100 m),respectively.The total tick density at monitoring points in grassland was lower than that in withered leaves,with tick densities of 3.11 and 23.22 ticks/(flag·100 m),respectively.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that total tick density was positively correlated with measured surface temperature(r_(s)=0.88),daily low temperature(r_(s)=0.80),monthly average low temperature(r_(s)=0.79),daily high temperature(r_(s)=0.77),monthly average high temperature(r_(s)=0.81),measured surface relative humidity(r_(s)=0.86),monthly rainfall day(r_(s)=0.43),and monthly average sunshine time(r_(s)=0.58),average wind speed(r_(s)=0.53);the total tick density was negatively correlated with air pressure(r_(s)=-0.65,P<0.05).The cross-sectional survey in Huangpu District found tick activity only in Nanjing East Road Street and Ruijin Second Road Street,with densities of 0.05 and 0.14 ticks/(flag·100 m),respectively.Conclusions The dominant tick in City Park,Huangpu District,Shanghai is Haemaphysalis flava.Tick density is highest in June,and the density of ticks in the withered leaves is higher than that in the grassland.Targeted tick control measures should be taken during the peak period of tick activity according to survey results.