鲜食糯玉米及其亲本贮藏过程中淀粉回生特性的研究

Study on Starch Retrogradation Characteristics of Fresh Waxy Corn and Its Parents during Storage

以自主选育的鲜食糯玉米杂交种珍珠糯18、珍珠糯28及其自交系NA8066、NB1022、NB8126为试验对象,采用差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimeter,DSC)、低场核磁共振仪(Low field-nuclear magnetic reso⁃nance,LF-NMR)和质构仪等分析玉米样品在贮藏过程中淀粉回生及食用品质的变化情况。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的增加,鲜食糯玉米的回生度逐渐增加;T21弛豫峰面积逐渐下降,T22弛豫峰面积逐渐上升;玉米子粒硬度呈上升趋势。通过回生度和水分分布状态分析可以看出,珍珠糯18和珍珠糯28回生度的差异可能与父本的不同有关。相关性分析显示,所测试的5个玉米样品中,回生值均与T21弛豫峰面积呈极显著负相关,与T22弛豫峰面积呈显著正相关,不同品种子粒硬度与子粒表皮脆度的相关性高于与回生值的相关性,表明水分弛豫峰面积相对于子粒硬度更适宜作为鲜食糯玉米回生情况的预测手段。

The fresh waxy corn hybrids Zhenzhunuo 18,Zhenzhunuo 28 and their inbred lines NA8066 and NB1022 and NB8126 were used as subjects.DSC,LF-NMR,and texture analyzer were used to analyze the changes in starch retrogradation and food quality of corn samples during storage.The results showed that the retrogradation degree,kernel hardness of fresh waxy corn and the relaxation peak area of T22 gradually increased with the increase of storage time,while the relaxation peak area of T21 decreased.Analysis of the regeneration level and water distribu⁃tion revealed that the differences in retrogradation between Zhenzhunuo 18 and Zhenzhunuo 28 might be caused by variations in the progenitors.Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the retrograda⁃tion degree and T21 relaxation peak area,and a significant positive correlation with T22 relaxation peak area across all five corn samples.The correlation between kernel hardness and seed coat fracturability was stronger than that be⁃tween kernel hardness and retrogradation degree.Therefore,the relaxation peak area is more suitable for predicting the regeneration of fresh waxy corn than kernel hardness.