山东玉米白斑病鉴定及我国白斑病发生流行风险分析

Identification of Maize White Spot in Shandong Province and Risk Analysis of the Disease Epidemics in China

为评估玉米白斑病在我国发生流行的风险,对疑似白斑病病样进行分离,采用抗病性鉴定以及气象数据对白斑病病原菌流行进行评估,经形态学特征观察和分子鉴定确定山东滕州玉米白斑病病原菌的分类地位。结果表明,引致山东滕州玉米白斑病的病原菌ST-1与云南白斑病病原菌WS-191同为宽胫附球孢(Epicoccum latusicol⁃lum)。两个菌株最适生长温度均为25~28℃,pH值为5~7。气象数据分析表明,我国8个玉米主产区4-9月平均温度为10~30℃,适合白斑病发生流行。在645个西南玉米区试新品种抗病性鉴定中,中抗-高抗377个,占58.44%;感病-高感品种268个,占41.56%。综上所述,我国主要玉米产区均有白斑病发生条件,存在大面积流行的风险。

To assess the risk of maize white spot disease(MWSD)in China,suspected MWSD samples were iso⁃lated from different areas of the country,and the epidemiology of the white spot was evaluated by using disease resis⁃tance identification and meteorological data,and the taxonomic status of the maize white spot pathogen in Tengzhou,Shandong Province,was determined by morphological characterization and molecular identification.The results showed that ST-1,the causal agent of MWSD in Tengzhou,Shandong Province,and WS-191,the causal agent of MWSD in Yunnan Province,are the same as Epicoccum latusicollum.The optimal growth temperature is 25-28℃,with a pH range of 5-7.Meteorological data analysis showed that the average temperature of April-September in China's eight maize producing areas are between 10-30℃,suitable for MWSD epidemic.Furthermore,in the south⁃west maize regional test,among 645 new varieties 377 ones were moderately-highly resistant,accounting for 58.44%,268 ones were susceptible-highly susceptible varieties,accounting for 41.56%.In summary,all major maize producing areas in China have conditions for MWSD,and there is a risk of a large-scale epidemic.