数字时代刑事电子数据规范的“溢出”与“回归”——以我国立法为中心

The"Overflow"and"Return"of Criminal Electronic Data Regulation in the Digital Era ——Centering on Chinese Legislation

数字时代背景下,我国刑事电子数据规范数量不断增多,内容愈加复杂。在这一过程中,立法上面临电子数据规范体系化的难题,其中的核心问题之一是如何处理电子数据规范与传统证据规则的关系。刑事电子数据的技术性、开放性、跨国性、聚集性等特点,使得部分电子数据问题“溢出”了传统证据规则的关注范围,这一趋势在立法和实践中不断增强。但作为证据使用的电子数据应当符合刑事证据的基本要求;刑事电子数据规范在证据种类名称、证据排除规则、证据评价规则等方面,应当“回归”传统证据规则的基本框架,以促进证据法多元价值的实现。

In the digital era,the number of criminal electronic data regulations in China is increasing,and the content is becoming more complex.In this process,the legislation is faced with the problem of elec-tronic data regulation systematization,and one of the important issues is how to deal with the relationship between electronic data regulation and traditional rules of evidence.The technicality,openness,trans-nationality,aggregation and other characteristics of criminal electronic data make part of the issues"over-flow"the traditional rules of evidence.This trend continues to increase in the legislation and practice.However,used as evidence,the electronic data should be in line with the basic requirements of the crimi-nal evidence.The criminal electronic data should"return"to the basic framework of the traditional rules of evidence in such aspects as the type of evidence,exclusionary rule,evidence evaluation rule,in order to promote the realization of the pluralistic value of the evidence law.