浅析新见辽宋金元碑刻文字简化符号替代现象

A Preliminary Analysis of the Phenomenon of Simplified Symbol Substitution in the Newly Seen Inscriptions of Liao,Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties

辽宋金元碑刻虽时代靠后,但资料仍很丰富,传承异体字较多,因其特殊记录方式,很大程度上保留了文字本真样貌,能直观反映近代汉字阶段发展状况。全面考察新见辽宋金元碑刻隶楷书汉字,可发现其中很多俗字都体现出简化倾向。汉字简化有多种方式,符号替代是较为特殊的一种。辽宋金元碑刻隶楷书简体字料有多种简化符号替代方式,其过程具有同一构件用不同符号替代、同一符号替代不同构件、跨构件替代等替代机制,具备与行草书相关、类推性、区别性、结构一致性、固定化、记号化的特征,替代产生的主要原因在于汉字工具性特点、受书写材料与书体影响和书刻者的主观改造。

Although the inscriptions of Liao,Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties are relatively late,the data is still abundant and there are many variant characters inherited.Due to its special recording method,it largely preserves the true appearance of the characters and can intuitively reflect the development status of modern Chinese characters.A comprehensive examination of the newly discovered Liao,Song,Jin,and Yuan inscriptions in official script and regular script reveals that many of the common characters exhibit a tendency towards simplification.There are many ways to simplify Chinese characters,and symbol substitution is a special one.There are various simplified symbol substitution methods for the simplified materials of Liao,Song,Jin,and Yuan inscriptions in official script and regular script.The process involves the substitution of different symbols for the same component,the substitution of different components with the same symbol,and cross component substitution.It has the characteristics of being related to cursive script,analogical,distinguishable,structurally consistent,fixed,and marked.The main reasons for substitution are the instrumental nature of Chinese characters,the influence of writing materials and script,and the subjective transformation of the engraver.