亚投行提升中国国际话语权的国际组织法保障

Enhancing China's International Discourse Power Through International Organizational Legal Safeguard of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

国际组织如何提升国家话语权是国际法研究中的重要问题。既有理论在分析亚投行提升中国国际话语权问题上存在两种进路:一种是强调中国国家权力运用及其对亚投行建设的影响;另一种是分析亚投行的独立性及其对中国国家利益实现的作用。既有理论反映出国际组织研究的“政治逻辑”,存在形成大国特权甚至霸权的论证风险。引入“国际组织法—国家”的研究视角,可以从“法律控制”的角度,运用国际组织法律制度分析国家权力、组织自主权在国际组织提升国家话语权中的作用形式和实现路径,进而分析权力运用在亚投行建设和运营中的具体实践,增强亚投行提升中国国际话语权的正当性。亚投行的内部和外部法律制度确立了调整国家权力运用和组织自主权行使的原则和规则。国家权力和组织自主权促进中国理念和特色实践转化为国际法的制度性安排,同时可能引发权力运用的功能性问题和组织运营的规范性问题。为此,需以融贯国际组织的功能性与规范性为总体思路,发挥亚投行法律制度对国家行为的约束作用,并借助合目的性和职能必要性原则推进法律制度完善,提升亚投行在全球金融治理中的合法性和有效性。

How international organizations can enhance national discourse power is an important issue in the study of international organizations.There are two approaches in analyzing the issue of the AIIB enhancing China's discourse power:one emphasizes the use of Chinese state power and its impact on the construction of the AIIB;another approach is to analyze the independence of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and its realization of China's national interests.The existing theories reflect the“political logic”of international organizations,and there is a risk of argument for the formation of great power privileges or even hegemony.Introducing the research perspective of“International Organization Law-States”,we can analyze the role and implementation path of state power and organizational autonomy in enhancing national discourse power through international organizations from the perspective of“legal control”,and further analyze the specific practice of power application in the construction and operation of the AIIB,enhancing the legitimacy of the AIIB's efforts to enhance China's discourse power.The internal and external legal systems of the AIIB have established principles and rules for regulating the exercise of state power and organizational autonomy.National power and organizational autonomy have promoted the transformation of Chinese ideas and characteristic practices into international legal institutional arrangements,but may also lead to functional issues in the exercise of power and normative issues in organizational operation.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate the overall ideas of functionality and normativity,give full play to the constraints of the AIIB legal system on national behavior,and promote the improvement of the legal system through the principles of purposiveness and functional necessity,in order to enhance its legitimacy and effectiveness in global financial governance.