明清民国时期茶叶在边疆少数民族地区的传播研究

Research on the Spread of Tea in Border Ethnic Minority Regions During the Periods of Ming,Qing and Republic of China

西藏等边疆少数民族人民“恃茶”行为的生成,与茶对身体的保健疗救作用密不可分,这种身体的习惯是唐代以来中原王朝以“茶”羁縻诸番的基础,亦是民间茶马贸易由来已久的重要成因。明清民国时期,一方面,“茶”以其特殊的物质及精神内涵被上层阶级塑造成不可或缺之物和代表上流生活的文化意象,引起了民间的追慕和效仿。统治阶级便以茶为契机,较为委婉与和缓地实施其政治与经济上的羁縻意图,在一定程度上减轻了权力直接席卷而来时带来的激烈冲突,有利于加强不同民族、不同地区间的交流与发展;另一方面,普通民众又依据身体及日常生活的需要对茶的使用与传播进行了改造与扩展,进一步丰富了茶文化的精神内涵。

The"reliance on tea"among ethnic minorities in Tibet and other border regions is tightly linked to tea's health and healing properties.This tradition,established since the Tang Dynasty,served as a means for the central dynasties to exert influence over various tribes using"tea"and has been a key driver behind the enduring tea-horse trade.On one hand,"tea"had been shaped by the upper classes into an indispensable item and a cultural symbol representing a refined lifestyle,due to its unique material and spiritual connotations,which inspired admiration and imitation among the general populace.This allowed the authorities to seize upon tea as an opportunity to implement their political and economic control in a more subtle and moderate manner,to some extent,mitigating the potential for harsh conflicts that might arise from more direct forms of domination,and promoting interaction and development among diverse ethnic groups and regions.On the other hand,the everyday needs and experiences of ordinary people led them to adapt and expand the role of tea in their lives,further deepening the cultural and spiritual dimensions of tea culture.