2000~2020年东北三省耕地资源与产能时空演化特征分析

Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Arable Land Resources and Production Capacity in Three Northeastern Provinces from 2000 to 2020

【目的】掌握东北三省(黑龙江、吉林和辽宁)耕地时空变化特征、识别耕地产量的空间异质性,为提升其耕地质量和产能提供理论依据。【方法】采用Landsat数据及产品,测度分析东北三省耕地时空变化特征,并通过计算耕地像素累计归一化植被指数(NDVI)结合省级粮食产量统计值核算像素产量,揭示耕地产量的空间异质性。【结果】①2000~2020年东北三省耕地面积增加了27×10^(4) hm^(2),粮食单产增加了2852 kg hm^(−2)。②黑河市、白城市、松原市、绥化市、齐齐哈尔市耕地面积增加最多,大庆市、齐齐哈尔市、绥化市、哈尔滨市和牡丹江市粮食单产均增长较快。③2000~2020年耕地重心从吉林省榆树市向黑龙江省哈尔滨市双城区迁移。粮食单产重心均位于黑龙江省哈尔滨市,迁移范围较小。【结论】2000~2020年东北三省耕地数量稳定,耕地重心向北移动,粮食单产重心向南移动。东北三省城市化、经济和人口重心持续南移促使辽宁高铁城市周边耕地减少。在耕地占补平衡政策下新增耕地集中于欠发达地区,耕地单产增加的冷点集中在耕作条件较差的山区。未来需完善耕地保护政策,防止耕地向山区扩张;加强农业补贴、基础设施建设和农耕管理,促进耕地可持续利用。

[Objective]The aims were to grasp the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes of arable land in the three northeastern provinces,to identify the spatial heterogeneity of arable land yield and provide a theoretical basis for improving arable land quality and production capacity.[Method]The Landsat data and products were used to measure and analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of arable land in the three northeastern provinces,and revealed the spatial heterogeneity of arable land yield by calculating the cumulative NDVI of arable land pixels combined with the pixel yields of provincial grain production statistics.[Results]①The arable land area in the three northeastern provinces increased by 27×10^(4) hm^(2) from 2000 to 2020,and the grain yield increased by 2852 kg hm^(−2).②The arable land areas in Heihe,Baicheng,Songyuan,Suihua and Qiqihar increased the most.Grain yields in Daqing,Qiqihar,Suihua,Harbin and Mudanjiang grew faster.③The key centers of arable land migrated from Yushu to Shuangcheng in 2000~2020.The key center of grain yield was located in Harbin.[Conclusion]The amount of arable land areas in the three northeastern provinces kept stable from 2000 to 2020.The key center of arable land was moving northward,and the key centers of grain yield was moving southward.Urbanisation,economy and population in the three northeastern provinces continued to move southward,prompting the reduction of arable land in the cities in Liaoning near high-speed railway.The arable land occupation and compensation balance was concentrated in the less developed areas.The cold spot of arable land yield increase was concentrated in the mountainous areas with poorer cultivation conditions.In the future,arable land protection policies need to be improved to prevent the expansion of arable land into mountainous areas,and the agricultural subsidies,infrastructure development and farming management need to be strengthened to promote the sustainable use of arable land.