添加紫叶和绿叶油菜绿肥对土壤肥力及微生物的影响

Effects of Adding Rapes with Purple and Green Leaves on Soil Fertility and Microorganisms

【目的】探究紫叶油菜绿肥对土壤肥力的贡献情况,为新品种油菜绿肥的推广提供理论依据。【方法】开展室内培养试验,以紫叶油菜绿肥和绿叶油菜绿肥为供试材料,针对不同土壤(黄红壤、红壤)设置CK(对照,无油菜绿肥添加)、T1(添加低量紫、绿油菜绿肥)、T2(添加高量紫、绿油菜绿肥)等处理,分析添加不同油菜绿肥后,不同处理土壤pH、物理性粘粒含量(PC)、物理性砂粒含量(PS)、土壤有机质(SOM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)以及细菌、真菌、放线菌等指标的差异。【结果】结果发现,与对照相比,添加油菜绿肥后的各处理土壤pH呈下降趋势,其中黄红壤差异显著,降幅为3.70%~5.29%。土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均显著提高,黄红壤增幅依次为10.35%~14.40%、258.58%~277.88%、135.06%~143.31%、41.83%~49.92%;红壤增幅依次为8.41%~20.76%、52.27%~70.99%、56.06%~83.05%、39.50%~50.54%。土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌均显著提高,黄红壤增幅依次为0.82%~16.35%、12.71%~37.46%、5.56%~19.01%;红壤增幅依次为547.44%~2592.31%、2652.29%~3468.81%、208.57%~629.52%,且上述指标均以T2增幅最大。紫叶油菜与绿叶油菜对SOM、AP、AK和细菌、真菌、放线菌的改良效果相同,但高量紫叶油菜比高量绿叶油菜更有利于提高土壤AN含量。【结论】T2更有利于改善土壤理化性质、增加微生物数量,培肥效果最好。同等条件下,紫叶油菜与绿叶油菜相比培肥效果一致,而高量紫叶油菜在提高AN方面比高量绿叶油菜更占优势,具有推广价值。

[Objective]The aim was to explore the contribution of purple-leaf rape to soil fertility and provide theoretical support for the promotion of new variety of rape green manure.[Method]Indoor cultivation experiments were conducted using purple-leaf rape and green-leaf rape as test materials.Different treatments were applied to different types of soil(yellow red soil,red soil),including CK(control,no addition of rape),T1(low-dose rape addition),T2(high-dose rape addition),and so on.The differences in soil pH,physical clay(PC),physical sand(PS),soil organic matter(SOM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),as well as bacteria,fungus and actinomycete populations were analyzed after the addition of different rape green manures.[Result]The results revealed that the soil pH in all treatment groups decreased after the addition of rape,and significant differences in yellow red soil(reductions ranging 3.70%-5.29%).The SOM,AN,AP and AK in yellow red soil all significantly increased with 10.35%-14.40%,258.58%-277.88%,135.06%-143.31%,41.83%-49.92%,respectively.And they increased in red soil with 8.41%-20.76%,52.27%-70.99%,56.06%-83.05%,39.50%-50.54%,respectively.Soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes also significantly increased in yellow red soil with 0.82%-16.35%,12.71%-37.46%and 5.56%-19.01%,respectively;And they increased in red soil with 547.44%-2592.31%,2652.29%-3468.81%and 208.57%-629.52%,respectively.All these indicators showed the highest increase in T2.Purple-leaf rape and green-leaf rape had the same improvement effects on SOM,AP,AK,bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes,but high added amounts of purple-leaf rape were more conducive to increasing soil AN content than that of green-leaf rape.[Conclusion]Therefore,T2 is more conducive to improving soil physicochemical indicators and increasing microbial populations,making it the most effective fertilization method.Under equal conditions,purple-leaf rape has the same fertilization effect as green-leaf rape.The high added amounts of purpleleaf rape has an advantage in improving available nitrogen compared with green-leaf rape.