网络暴力场域中公民个人信息的刑法保护

Criminal Law Protection of Citizens′Personal Information in Cyber Violence Incidents

网络暴力是指在信息网络上针对个人肆意发布谩骂侮辱、造谣诽谤、侵犯隐私等信息,损害他人名誉,扰乱网络秩序的行为。网络暴力与侵犯公民个人信息行为密切相关,实现刑法对公民个人信息的周全保护有利于削减网络暴力数量、抑制网络暴力产生、降低网络暴力危害。侵犯公民个人信息型网络暴力的行为类型主要为非法获取与非法提供,在满足其他要件的情况下构成侵犯公民个人信息罪;应纳入刑法规制范围的侮辱型网络暴力必须指向特定自然人,因而其中必然包含个人信息的非法泄露,后者应按照侵犯公民个人信息罪定罪处罚;提供他人真实信息的诽谤型网络暴力本身即为公民个人信息的非法提供,属于侵犯公民个人信息罪与诽谤罪的竞合。公开信息属于刑法中的公民个人信息,“人肉搜索”行为是否构罪取决于信息处理行为是否具有合理性;应在侵犯公民个人信息罪中增加“非法利用”行为要件,实现对单纯滋扰行为的有效规制;以拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪、非法利用信息网络罪等罪名追究网络暴力事件中平台的刑事责任,同时对其安全管理义务提出具体要求。

Cyber violence refers to the act of indiscriminately posting insults,rumors,defamation,privacy infringement,and other information against individuals on the information network,damaging others′reputation,and disrupting network order.Cyber violence is closely related to the infringement of citizens′personal information,and achieving comprehensive protection of citizens′personal information in criminal law is beneficial for reducing the number of cyber violence,suppressing the occurrence of cyber violence,and reducing the harm of cyber violence.The types of cyber violence that infringe on citizens′personal information are mainly illegal acquisition and provision,which constitute the crime of infringing on citizens′personal information while meeting other requirements.The insulting cyber violence that should be included in the scope of criminal law regulations must be directed towards specific natural persons,thus it inevitably includes illegal leakage of personal information.The latter should be convicted and punished according to the crime of infringing on citizens′personal information.The defamatory cyber violence that provides true information to others is itself the illegal provision of personal information of citizens,and belongs to the combination of the crime of infringing on personal information of citizens and the crime of defamation.Public information belongs to the personal information of citizens in the criminal law,and whether the behavior of human flesh search constitutes a crime depends on whether the information processing behavior is reasonable.The element of illegal use behavior should be added to the crime of infringing on citizens′personal information to achieve effective regulation of simple harassment behavior.Criminally hold the platform responsible for cyber violence incidents,including the crime of refusing to fulfill information network security management obligations and the crime of illegally utilizing information networks.At the same time,specific requirements are put forward for its security management obligations.