准格尔矿区植被覆盖度演变趋势及驱动力分析

Evolution trend and driving force analysis of vegetation coverage in Junggar mining area

植被覆盖度是反映矿区生态环境动态变化的重要指标,研究准格尔矿区植被覆盖度演变趋势及驱动力分析对评价矿区生态环境效应、维护矿区生态系统平衡以及确定区域资源开发利用方式等均具有重要的意义。结合准格尔矿区生态演变趋势研究方法,从时间转移评价、空间演变分析2个方面进行准格尔矿区生态演变趋势评价,利用遥感技术和地理信息技术从自然因素(年降水量、年平均气温)、人为因素(城镇化建设、煤炭开采、生态保护工程)等方面对准格尔矿区1988—2019年植被覆盖度的时空变化特征和驱动力进行分析。分析结果表明:从时间上分析,准格尔矿区植被覆盖度演变趋势在1993—1998年和2008—2019年间以稳定为主,在1988—1993年和2003—2008年间以改善为主,在1998—2003年间出现以退化为主;从空间上分析,矿区中部植被以轻微和一般退化为主,在黑岱沟煤矿和哈尔乌素煤矿新开采区出现植被明显退化,同时对已开采区进行大面积生态恢复,而矿区南部以植被改善为主,零星出现一些植被明显退化区域,退化区域主要为新增的采矿用地;前一年降水量增加和当年气温升高可以提高矿区植被覆盖度,城镇化建设和煤炭开采是造成矿区植被覆盖度下降的人为驱动力,有效的生态保护工程和积极的政策指导是矿区植被覆盖度上升的人为驱动力。

Vegetation coverage is an important index reflecting the dynamic change of ecological environment in mining area.Research on the evolution trend and driving forces of vegetation coverage in Junggar mining area is of great meaning for evaluating the ecological environment effects of the mining area,maintaining the balance of the mining are a’s ecosystem,and determination of the development and utilization methods of regional resources.Combining with the research method of ecological evolution trend in Junggar mining area,and from time transfer evaluation and spatial evolution analysis,the evaluation of ecological evolution trend in Junggar mining area were done.Utilizing remote sensing technology,from natural factors such as annual precipitation and average temperature,as well as human factors such as urbanization,coal mining,and ecological protection projects,spatial-temporal change characteristics and driving forces of vegetation coverage in Zhungeer mining area from 1988 to 2019 were analyzed.The results showed that:from the time analysis,the vegetation coverage in Junggar mining area was mainly stable during 1993 to 1998 and 2008 to 2019,mainly improved during 1988 to 1993 and 2003 to 2008,and mainly degraded during 1998 to 2003;from the spatial analysis,the vegetation in central part of mining area is mainly slightly and generally degraded,and the vegetation is obviously degraded in newly developed areas of Heidaigou coal mine and Hawuersu coal mine.At the same time,a large area of ecological restoration has been carried out in the already exploited areas,while the vegetation is mainly improved in the southern part of the mining area,and there are some areas of obvious vegetation degradation,which are mainly newly added mining land;the increase of average annual rainfall in the previous year and the rise of air temperature in the current year can improve vegetation coverage in the mining area.Urbanization construction and coal mining are the man-made driving forces causing the decrease of vegetation coverage in the mining area,and effective ecological protection projects and positive policy guidance are the man-made driving forces for the increase of vegetation coverage in the mining area.