北京妇产医院围产期孕妇B族链球菌感染及妊娠结局的概况分析

A General Analysis of B Group Streptococcus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women During the Perinatal Period atBeijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital

目的分析在北京妇产医院就诊的围产期孕妇B族链球菌(GBS)感染以及妊娠结局新生儿受累感染的概况。方法收集2022年1月至2024年3月在我院就诊的围产期孕妇26351例,新生儿2015例,对其进行B族链球菌核酸检测分析。结果在26351例围产期孕妇中,有2906例为GBS阳性感染者,感染率为11.03%。其中18~24岁孕妇GBS感染率为10.70%,25~35岁孕妇GBS感染率为11.22%,36~45岁孕妇GBS感染率为10.35%,46~52岁孕妇GBS感染率为13.33%,4组年龄段B族链球菌感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);根据季节分组发现春季围产期孕妇GBS感染率为10.41%,夏季孕妇GBS感染率为11.51%,秋季孕妇GBS感染率为11.83%,冬季孕妇GBS感染率为10.74%,围产期孕妇B族链球菌在不同季节的感染率差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。在2015例新生儿中,有124例为B族链球菌阳性感染者,感染率为6.15%;B族链球菌阳性感染孕妇中正常新生儿913例(45.31%)、不良妊娠结局1102例(54.69%),包括新生儿早产715例(53.48%)、新生儿感染108例(5.36%)、新生儿呼吸困难99例(4.91%)、胎膜早破116例(5.7%)、新生儿宫内窘迫11例(0.55%)、新生儿低血糖13例(0.65%)、新生儿代谢性酸中毒2例(0.1%)。结论北京地区围产期孕妇B族链球菌感染率为11.03%,其中以46岁至52岁年龄段感染率最高(13.33%),夏秋季节孕妇GBS感染高发,GBS阳性感染孕妇娩出新生儿的GBS感染率为6.15%,不良妊娠结局中以新生儿早产发生率最高(53.48%)。通过本研究为临床对于围产期孕妇B族链球菌感染的概况、诊疗、预防、把控妊娠结局提供可靠的数据支持。

Objective To evaluate the general status of group B streptococcal(GBS)infections and neonatal involvement in pregnancy outcomes in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital.Methods A total of 26351 perinatal pregnant women and 2015 neonates who were treated in our hospital from January,2022 to March,2024 were collected for the study.The nucleic acid detection and analysis of group B Streptococcus were then conducted.Results Among 26351 perinatal pregnant women,2906 were GBS-positive,with an infection rate of 11.03%.Among them,the GBS infection rate of pregnant women aged 18 to 24 years was 10.70%,that of pregnant women aged 25 to 35 years was 11.22%,that of pregnant women aged 36 to 45 years was 10.35%,and that of pregnant women aged 46 to 52 years was 13.33%.There was no difference in the infection rate of group B Streptococcus among the four age groups(P>0.05).According to the seasonal grouping analysis,the GBS infection rate of perinatal pregnant women was 10.41%in spring,11.51%in summer,11.83%in autumn,and 10.74%in winter(P<0.05).Among 2015 neonates,124 cases were positive for group B Streptococcus,with an infection rate of 6.15%;There were 913 cases(45.31%)of normal neonates and 1102 cases(54.69%)of adverse pregnancy outcomes,including 715 cases(53.48%)of neonatal preterm birth,108 cases(5.36%)of neonatal infection,99 cases(4.91%)of neonatal dyspnea,116 cases(5.7%)of premature rupture of membranes,11 cases(0.55%)of neonatal intrauterine distress,13 cases of neonatal hypoglycemia(0.65%),and 2 cases of neonatal metabolic acidosis(0.1%).Conclusion The prevalence of group B streptococcal infections in perinatal pregnant women in Beijing area is 11.03%,among which the infection rate is highest for the age group of 46 to 52 years old(13.33%).The incidence of GBS infections in pregnant women in summer and autumn is relatively high.The GBS infection rate of pregnant women with positive GBS infections is 6.15%,and the incidence of neonatal preterm birth is the highest among the adverse pregnancy outcomes(53.48%).This study provides reliable data-driven supports for the clinical development,diagnosis,treatment,prevention,and control of pregnancy outcomes of group B streptococcal infections in perinatal pregnant women.