瑶山鸡及其杂交组合母鸡体尺与屠宰性能的因子及通径分析

Factor and Path Analysis on Body Size and Slaughter Performance of Yaoshan Chicken and Hybrid Combinations

【目的】旨在分析瑶山鸡YS及其杂交组合GYR、GYYR母鸡的肉用性能。【方法】随机抽选3个群体300日龄母鸡各30只进行体尺及屠宰性能测定,并进行简单相关性分析及因子、通径分析。【结果】YS、GYR和GYYR这3个群体的屠宰率均高于85%、全净膛率均高于64%。GYYR胸宽、胸深、胸围和胫围大于YS,体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胸深、胸围、髋骨宽、胫长、全净膛重和胸肌重大于GYR(P<0.05);YS的体斜长、胸围、髋骨宽、全净膛重、腿肌重、半净膛率和全净膛率大于GYR,腿肌率高于GYYR(P<0.05)。胸围、体斜长、胸深等体尺性状均与宰前活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重及胸肌重存在显著或极显著相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。从体尺和屠宰性能指标中提取了5个因子,分别与质量、体长、胸部、胫部和髋骨密切相关,累计方差贡献率达86.161%。胸围对宰前活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重的影响最大,直接效应分别为0.516、0.746、0.755、0.476、0.385。【结论】3个群体母鸡均肉用性能良好,GYYR、YS的体尺及屠宰性能整体优于GYR,胸围可作为评估屠宰性能的最佳指标。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the meat performance of Yaoshan chicken(YS)and its two hybrid combinations GYR and GYYR hens.【Method】Thirty hens from each of three popula⁃tions at 300 days of age were randomly selected for body size and slaughter performance measurement.The simple correlation,factor and path analysis between body size and slaughter performance were car⁃ried out.【Result】The slaughter rate of hens from three populations was higher than 85%,and the evis⁃cerated rate was higher than 64%.The chest width,chest depth,chest circumference,and shank circum⁃ference of GYYR were greater than those of YS,and the body-slope length,keel length,chest width,chest depth,chest circumference,pelvis width,shank length,eviscerated weight,and breast muscle weight of GYYR were greater than those of GYYR(P<0.05).The body-slope length,chest circumfer⁃ence,pelvis width,eviscerated weight,leg muscle weight,half-eviscerated rate and eviscerated rate of YS were greater than those of GYR,and the leg muscle rate of YS was higher than that of GYYR(P<0.05).Chest circumference,body-slope length,chest depth and other body size were significantly or ex⁃tremely correlated with live weight,slaughter weight,half-eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight and breast muscle weight(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Five factors were extracted from the body size and slaughter performance indicators that were closely related to mass,body-slope length,chest,tibia,and hip bone,respectively,with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.161%.Chest circumference had the greatest effect on the live weight,slaughter weight,half eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight and breast muscle weight,with direct effects of 0.516,0.746,0.755,0.476 and 0.385,respectively.【Conclusion】All three populations have excellent meat performance.The body size and slaughter performance of GYYR and YS are generally better than GYR.Chest circumference can be used as the best index for selecting slaughter performance.