论方孝孺与苏轼散文创作的师承关系

On Fang Xiaoru's Inheritance of Su Shi in Prose

明末一代文苑宗师董其昌提出了方孝孺文章“仿苏”的命题,这一命题得到朱彝尊、四库馆臣等人的认同。方孝孺推崇宋文,受苏轼影响,方孝孺的散文观与之有相通之处,即都推崇“辞达”“自然”之说,并在文道关系的认识上具有一致性。比较方孝孺与苏轼的散文,可以考知方孝孺对苏轼散文的师承主要体现在主题、文风和创作手法三方面。方孝孺不仅达成了对宋文的接受,更主动接过苏轼“斯文有传”的重担,与业师宋濂等人一同开启了明代道统文学的先河。

In the late Ming Dynasty,Dong Qichang,a Master of literature and culture,put forward the proposition of"Imitating Su Shi"in Fang Xiaoru's articles,which was approved by Zhu Yizun,compilers of Si Ku Quan Shu and other scholars.Fang was a great admirer of prose of the Song Dy⁃nasty.Under the influence of Su Shi,Fang Xiaoru's prose views are similar to his,that is,they all ad⁃vocate the theory of"Ci da"and"Nature",and both are consistent in their understanding of the rela⁃tionship between literature and Taoism.Comparing the prose of Fang Xiaoru and that of Su Shi,it can be inferred that Fang Xiaoru inherited from Su Shi's prose in three aspects:the similarity of ideologi⁃cal themes,the similarity of literary styles and the similarity of writing techniques.Through the study of Su Shi's prose,Fang Xiaoru not only reached the acceptance of prose of the Song Dynasty,but also took over the burden of Su Shi's"inheriting culture classics",and together with Master Song Lian and others,he opened the precedent of the Ming Dynasty's orthodox literature.