钱琦与袁枚交游考述——兼论“性灵说”内涵的深化

Research on Qian Qi's Social Intercourse with Yuan Mei-Also on the Deepening of the Connotation of the Theory of Natural Wit

钱琦是袁枚同乡,官至福建布政使,两人相知相交60余年。前半生同学同官的人生轨迹是钱、袁成为挚友的基础,相近的思想观念与共主“性灵”的诗学观念是两人最终成为知己的关键因素。袁枚在给钱琦诗集所作之序中首次将“性灵说”阐释为“性情”和“灵机”两方面,性情之重在“真”,灵机之核在“巧”,“真”“巧”相洽,合为“性灵”。此论深化了性灵说的内涵,同时也修正了袁枚以往论诗重于探讨“性情”的偏颇之处。

Qian Qi was Yuan Mei's fellow townsman,and his highest official position was the Min⁃ister of Prefecture of Fujian.During their social intercourse for 60 years or so,they used to be class⁃mates in the first half of their lives and later both became officials,which was the basis of their be⁃coming close friends.The similar ideology and views on poetry were the key factors for them to be⁃come intimate friends.Yuan Mei once wrote a preface to Qian Qi's poetry collection,and in this pref⁃ace,he interpreted the theory of natural wit as two aspects for the first time,namely,temperament and inspiration.The focus of temperament is truthfulness and the core of inspiration is skillfulness.And the fusion of truth and skill is what makes up the natural wit.This view deepens the connotation of the theory of natural wit and amends Yuan Mei's previous bias of focusing on temperament when he commented on poetry.