以数字经济发展推动高质量充分就业:作用机理与赋能路径

Promoting High-quality and Full Employment with Digital Economy Development:Mechanism and Enabling Path

在马克思就业理论、社会分工理论、可行性理论、配第-克拉克定理、内生经济增长理论以及人力资本理论等相关理论的基础上,从就业规模、结构和质量三个方面系统阐释了数字经济发展对于实现高质量充分就业目标的影响机理。从就业规模来看,数字经济发展可以通过缩减劳动者就业规模的“替代效应”和增加劳动者就业规模的“补偿效应”影响高质量充分就业;从就业结构来看,数字经济发展可以通过影响就业的产业结构、技能结构和性别结构作用于高质量充分就业;从就业质量来看,数字经济发展能够通过提高劳动者的收入水平、工作满意度和就业能力推进高质量充分就业的实现,也可能通过引发劳动者权益保障缺位和增加结构性失业风险阻碍高质量充分就业的实现。因此,必须充分发挥数字经济发展在推动就业规模扩大、就业结构优化和就业质量提升方面的积极作用,不断开辟新兴就业市场,有计划地提升劳动者数字技能和女性劳动者数字素养,并在营造适应高质量就业发展经济环境的同时,系统完善相应的技术支撑和制度保障,从而切实推进高质量充分就业目标的实现。

This paper analyzes the mechanisms from employment scale,structure,and quality.From the aspect of employment scale,digital economic development can influence the goal of high-quality and full employment through the“substitution effect”and the“compensation effect”.From the perspective of employment structure,digital economic development can exert an impact on the goal of high-quality and full employment by influencing the industrial,skill,and gender structures of employment.From the viewpoint of employment quality,digital economic development can facilitate the realization of the goal of high-quality and full employment by enhancing the income level,job satisfaction,and employment ability of laborers.Thus,harnessing digitization’s potential for job growth,structural optimization,and quality enhancement is vital.Emerging markets must be explored,digital skills for workers and women upskilled,and a conducive economic environment crafted,complemented by robust technology and institutional support,to truly achieve high-quality and full employment.