本能何以是“先验目的论的基础概念”?——胡塞尔的“先验本能”概念探析

Why is Instinct the Fundamental Concept of Transcendental Teleology?An Analysis of Husserl’s Concept of“Transcendental Instinct”

后期胡塞尔试图将先验意义上的本能概念规定为“原意向性”和“先验目的论的基础概念”,并从先验本能出发重构整个先验现象学体系,这也让他所描绘的理性化世界图景呈现出更加富有张力的面貌。作为先验目的论的基础概念,先验本能是意向性发展的第一个层次,并在结构上为一切形式的意向性奠基。先验本能意味着对于充实内容的持续追求。对于先验本能的完整描述将表明,它包含了身体感受、客体化和非客体化的多重维度,可以容纳各特殊的本能视域的相互交织、嵌套,因此能够综合地统一各种特殊本能。

In his later period,Husserl attempted to define the concept of transcendental instinct as“protointentionality”and“the fundamental concept of transcendental teleology”,and reconstructed the entire system of transcendental phenomenology from the perspective of transcendental instinct.Such a transition endowed Husserl’s rationalist thoughts with a more tensive form.As the fundamental concept of transcendental teleology,transcendental instinct is the first level of intentional development and lays the foundation for all forms of intentionality structurally.Transcendental instinct implies a continuous pursuit for fulfillment.A complete description of transcendental instinct will encompass multiple dimensions of somaesthetic sensations,objectification,and non objectification,which also depicts the interweaving and nesting of various special instinctual horizons,thus being able to comprehensively unify various special instincts.